All Flashcards
What is Crude Birth Rate (CBR)?
The number of births per 1,000 individuals in a population per year.
What is Crude Death Rate (CDR)?
The number of deaths per 1,000 individuals in a population per year.
Define Demographic Transition Model (DTM).
A model that describes population change over time as a country develops.
What factors cause high birth rates in Stage 1?
Lack of family planning, high infant mortality rates, need for labor on farms.
What factors cause high death rates in Stage 1?
Disease, poor sanitation, limited access to healthcare.
Why do death rates decline in Stage 2?
Improved healthcare, sanitation, and food availability.
Why do birth rates remain high in Stage 2?
Cultural norms and lack of access to contraception.
What factors lead to declining birth rates in Stage 3?
Increased access to education, family planning, and urbanization.
What characterizes population growth in Stage 4?
Low or even negative growth due to low birth and death rates.
What are the main drivers of Stage 5?
Aging populations and slight increases in birth rates.
How does the DTM relate to resource use?
Different stages have different resource demands and consumption patterns.
How does the DTM relate to urbanization?
Urbanization often leads to lower birth rates (Stage 3) and changes in resource consumption.
What are the limitations of the DTM?
It's a model; real-world scenarios can be more complex and influenced by other factors.
How does industrialization impact death rates?
Industrialization leads to improved medicine and modernization, dropping death rates.
How does industrialization impact birth rates?
Industrialization is associated with a decrease in birth rates in Stage 3.
What factors cause high birth rates in Stage 1 of the DTM?
Lack of family planning, high infant mortality, need for farm labor.
Why do death rates decline in Stage 2 of the DTM?
Improved healthcare, sanitation, and food availability.
What leads to declining birth rates in Stage 3 of the DTM?
Increased education, family planning, and urbanization.
What characterizes population growth in Stage 4 of the DTM?
Low birth rates, low death rates, and stable or declining population.
What is the main characteristic of Stage 5 of the DTM?
Low CDR, rising CBR, and a stable or slowly increasing growth rate.
How does industrialization affect the DTM?
Leads to decreased death rates in Stage 2 and decreased birth rates in Stage 3.
How does the DTM relate to resource management?
Understanding the DTM helps predict population trends and plan for resource allocation.
How is the DTM connected to urbanization?
Urbanization often leads to lower birth rates as seen in Stage 3.
What is the relationship between development and the DTM?
Countries move through the DTM as they develop, reflecting societal changes.
What are some limitations of the DTM?
It is a model, and real-world scenarios can be more complex and vary from the model's predictions.