All Flashcards
How is coal formed?
Decomposed plant buildup over millions of years (Carbon, hydrogen, and water).
How is oil formed?
Heat and pressure on aquatic organisms over millions of years (Carbon and hydrogen).
How is natural gas formed?
Organic matter trapped under sedimentary layers (Mostly methane - CH4).
What is the process of hydraulic fracturing?
Drilling, injecting fluid, creating fractures, releasing oil/gas.
How does combustion of natural gas occur?
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + Energy
How does combustion of methane occur?
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
How does combustion of coal occur?
C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g)
How does acid rain form?
SO2 and NOx react with water to form acid rain.
Describe the process of coal formation.
Decomposed plant matter builds up over millions of years, transforming into coal under pressure and heat.
Describe the process of oil formation.
Heat and pressure act on aquatic organisms over millions of years, transforming them into oil.
Describe the process of natural gas formation.
Organic matter is trapped under sedimentary layers and transforms into natural gas, mostly methane.
Outline the steps of hydraulic fracturing.
Drill into rock, inject fluid (water, sand, chemicals), create fractures, release trapped oil and gas.
Describe complete combustion.
Fuel + Oxygen -> Heat + Light + Water Vapor (ideal scenario).
Describe incomplete combustion.
Fuel + Oxygen -> Heat + Light + Carbon Monoxide + Soot (produces pollutants).
Define fossil fuels.
Non-renewable energy sources formed from ancient organism remains.
Define non-renewable resource.
A resource that cannot be readily replaced by natural means on a level equal to its consumption.
What is coal?
A fossil fuel formed from ancient plant matter.
What is oil (petroleum)?
A fossil fuel formed from ancient aquatic organisms.
What is natural gas?
A fossil fuel mostly composed of methane (CH4), formed from ancient organic matter.
Define combustion.
A chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat and light.
What is hydraulic fracturing (fracking)?
Drilling into rock formations and injecting fluid to release trapped oil and gas.
Define air pollution.
The contamination of air by pollutants such as gases and particulate matter.
What is acid rain?
Precipitation containing harmful amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids.
Define climate change.
Long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns.