The Living World: Ecosystems
What effect does the introduction of an invasive species at a high trophic level most likely have on native biodiversity?
No change in biodiversity but altered energy flow patterns.
Decreased biodiversity due to predation or competition.
Increased biodiversity from new predator-prey relationships.
Improved ecosystem stability by filling vacant niches.
When considering sustainability and environmental impacts, which factor would make biomass less sustainable than initially perceived?
Land use changes leading to habitat loss
High efficiency in converting biomass into usable energy
Carbon-neutral status through plant re-growth
Low levels of pollutants released during combustion
How would introducing non-native grazing species into arid environments where native grazers have been extirpated impact trophic levels?
Enhanced carbon sequestration capabilities due to increased vegetation growth stimulated by grazer management
Increased nutrient cycling efficiency through faster decomposition of organic matter caused by grazer activity
Reduced predation pressure allowing grazing populations to grow unchecked, compromising biodiversity balance
Altered patterns of soil compaction, plant succession, and disrupted ability of the environment to support higher-level consumers
How could a city's waste management system be redesigned to best reduce the ecological impact of organic waste and enhance energy production within the context of trophic levels?
Expanding landfill areas exclusively for organic waste to increase decomposition space.
Implementing an anaerobic digester for organic waste to produce biogas, which can be used for heating or electricity.
Introducing composting programs that convert organic waste into fertilizer without capturing the released methane.
Encouraging increased use of garbage disposals to manage organic waste through wastewater treatment plants.
What is the primary source of energy for all trophic levels?
Soil nutrients
Sunlight
Water
Dead organic matter
Which process do primary consumers rely on to obtain energy from what they eat?
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
Chemosynthesis
Transpiration
In an aquatic food web impacted by biomagnification, what would be the expected consequence for top predators if a ban on DDT use leads to decreased concentrations in the water over time?
Increased competition as more juvenile predators survive into adulthood.
Immediate collapse of predator populations due to lack of adaptation to lower DDT levels.
Disruption of migration patterns due to altered prey availability.
Reduced bioaccumulation leading to potential recovery of predator populations.

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In a food chain, which group of organisms breaks down dead material and recycles nutrients back into the ecosystem?
Herbivores.
Producers.
Carnivores.
Decomposers.
In a food chain, what do we call animals such as wolves and lions that feed on primary consumers?
Detritivores
Secondary consumers
Tertiary consumers
Primary producers
Which group of organisms produces its own food using light or chemical energy?
Tertiary consumers
Producers
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers