The Living World: Ecosystems
What strategy would most effectively reduce the ecological footprint of agriculture while maintaining crop yields?
Expanding monoculture practices to streamline farming operations.
Intensifying irrigation methods to ensure constant water supply for crops.
Implementing integrated pest management to reduce pesticide use.
Increasing the use of chemical fertilizers to boost plant growth.
What is a potential trade-off of utilizing wind turbines as a renewable energy source?
Negative impacts on bird and bat populations due to collisions.
Increased carbon emissions during operation compared to fossil fuels.
Lower electricity generation efficiency than non-renewable sources.
Increase in water pollution from turbine lubricants and coolants.
What happens in a negative feedback loop when the population of herbivores increases in an ecosystem?
The plant population increases
The herbivore population decreases
The herbivore population increases
The plant population decreases
In a freshwater ecosystem, which of these would most likely be considered a primary consumer?
Algae
Fungi
Zooplankton
Bacteria
Which type of feedback loop helps to maintain balance and stability in ecosystems?
Positive feedback loops
Feedback loops are not relevant to ecosystems
Both negative and positive feedback loops
Negative feedback loops
If an insect eats plant leaves, it is acting as which trophic level in a food chain?
Secondary consumer
Decomposer
Primary consumer
Producer
Considering bioaccumulation's impact within aquatic food webs, what outcome could result if top predators like tuna consume large quantities of smaller mercury-contaminated prey?
Improved resistance against contaminants develops rapidly owing largely evolutionary pressures exerted upon high-level consumers such as tunas.
Unaffected health status occurs since pollution impacts are diluted broadly across extensive ocean environments irrespective of tropic position.
Decreased risk for mercury contamination spreads evenly across all trophic levels without specific impact on apex predators.
Increased risk of mercury poisoning in apex predators due to magnification up trophic levels is likely.

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How does eutrophication most directly affect aquatic food webs?
Increases the number of tertiary consumer species immediately after onset.
Decreases primary productivity due to reduced sunlight penetration.
Causes an increase in primary producer biomass that can lead to hypoxic conditions.
Leads to increased carbon dioxide uptake by aquatic plants.
What long-term ecological impact could result from consistently applying broad-spectrum insecticides across agricultural landscapes?
Increased soil fertility as insecticide compounds break down & release nutrients back into ground
Improvement in fish stocks downstream rivers and lakes receiving run-off containing pest corpses
Dramatic decrease in pollinator populations which affects plant reproduction cycles & yield rates
Enhanced carbon sequestration capacity as plants face less stress from pest attacks and grow more robustly
If secondary consumers are removed from an existing ecosystem, what is likely to happen to the population of primary consumers?
No change because tertiary consumers will control their population
Decrease due to lack of predation pressure
Increase due to increased competition for resources
They become tertiary consumers since there are no secondary ones left