The Living World: Ecosystems
What process do plants use to convert solar energy into chemical energy?
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
Chemosynthesis
Fermentation
To examine how increased salinity due to road salt runoff affects a freshwater marsh ecosystem's food chain integrity during winter months specifically, which groupings should be monitored for interrelated ecological response?
Amphibian populations ignoring other biological or non-biological components' responses.
Benthic macroinvertebrates, amphibian larval survival rates, emergent plant health, and migratory waterfowl visitation patterns.
Only emergent plant health as indicators of overall habitat condition.
Migratory waterfowl populations with no attention paid to underlying prey base status.
What indirect effect could rising temperatures due primarily from anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have on freshwater resources?
Increased evaporation rates may lower the volume of freshwater available in lakes and rivers.
Rising temperatures will cause immediate freezing of large freshwater bodies, conserving more freshwater over time.
Higher air temperatures will invariably lead to increased precipitation, replenishing all freshwater sources.
The correlation between temperature rises and freshwater depletion is negligible since groundwater reserves are unaffected.
After a volcanic eruption, what subsequent ecological process will most likely occur in affected areas?
Secondary succession
Human resettlement activities
Uncontrolled wildfires
Primary succession
What is a primary environmental consequence of extracting and burning fossil fuels like coal?
Enhanced nutrient cycling
Increased greenhouse gas emissions
Lowered albedo effect
Reduced soil erosion
What is an example of an unintentional environmental change resulting from human activity?
Planting trees to rehabilitate a deforested area.
Restoration of wetlands to enhance biodiversity.
Increased greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels.
Breeding programs for endangered species in zoos.
What might be a potential long-term ecological impact following a large-scale forest fire in a particular region?
Succession will eventually restore the forest but with potentially different species composition than before.
Faster recovery and return to original state due to evolved fire-resistant traits if resident species.
Increased chances for another fire because dead biomass accumulates creating more fuel.
Permanent shift to grassland biome due to eradication of tree seeds by intense heat.

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What the role of sea otters in relation to kelp forests?
Controlling the population of sea urchins.
Preventing kelp overgrowth.
Providing food and habitat.
Fertilizing the kelp forests.
Which of these are abiotic?
Bacteria.
Plants.
Animals.
Rocks.
What factor would most likely cause a decrease in genetic diversity within a large conserved forest area following decades without human interference?
Population isolation due to natural water barriers creating diverse habitats
Periodic natural wildfires promoting seed dispersal and new growth
A selective pathogen outbreak targeting the dominant tree species
Slight changes in annual rainfall promoting various understory plant growth