The Living World: Ecosystems

Secondary succession

Human resettlement activities

Uncontrolled wildfires

Primary succession

Planting trees to rehabilitate a deforested area.

Restoration of wetlands to enhance biodiversity.

Increased greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels.

Breeding programs for endangered species in zoos.

Controlling the population of sea urchins.

Preventing kelp overgrowth.

Providing food and habitat.

Fertilizing the kelp forests.

Population isolation due to natural water barriers creating diverse habitats

Periodic natural wildfires promoting seed dispersal and new growth

A selective pathogen outbreak targeting the dominant tree species

Slight changes in annual rainfall promoting various understory plant growth

It helps in determining the size of an environment.

It allows for the identification of different relationships.

It provides information on the nonliving components.

It helps in understanding how the ecosystem functions and how it can be affected

Amphibian populations ignoring other biological or non-biological components' responses.

Benthic macroinvertebrates, amphibian larval survival rates, emergent plant health, and migratory waterfowl visitation patterns.

Only emergent plant health as indicators of overall habitat condition.

Migratory waterfowl populations with no attention paid to underlying prey base status.

Increased evaporation rates may lower the volume of freshwater available in lakes and rivers.

Rising temperatures will cause immediate freezing of large freshwater bodies, conserving more freshwater over time.

Higher air temperatures will invariably lead to increased precipitation, replenishing all freshwater sources.

The correlation between temperature rises and freshwater depletion is negligible since groundwater reserves are unaffected.

Enhanced nutrient cycling

Increased greenhouse gas emissions

Lowered albedo effect

Reduced soil erosion

Succession will eventually restore the forest but with potentially different species composition than before.

Faster recovery and return to original state due to evolved fire-resistant traits if resident species.

Increased chances for another fire because dead biomass accumulates creating more fuel.

Permanent shift to grassland biome due to eradication of tree seeds by intense heat.

Bacteria.

Plants.

Animals.

Rocks.