The Living World: Ecosystems
What is the name of the process by which rain, snow, hail or sleet falls from the clouds toward the earth's surface?
Evapotranspiration
Subduction
Absorption
Precipitation
Which component of the hydrologic cycle best describes water flowing over land towards rivers, lakes, or oceans?
Incorporated runoff
Runoff
Subsurface flow
Deposition
In urbanized regions, which modification most significantly alters the natural recharge rate of an aquifer?
Designated green spaces around commercial districts.
Increased impervious surface coverage from buildings and roads.
Installation of rooftop gardens on residential homes.
Construction of public parks with natural vegetation.
What term refers to precipitation that does not infiltrate into the ground and flows over Earth’s surface?
Percolation
Runoff
Transpiration
Vaporization
Which part of the hydrologic cycle involves plants releasing water vapor into the air?
Sedimentation
Transpiration
Evapotranspiration
Decomposition
What term describes rain, snow, sleet, or hail falling from clouds to the Earth's surface?
Adsorption
Evaporation
Accumulation
Precipitation
Which process in the hydrologic cycle is primarily responsible for the distribution of fresh water across different ecosystems?
Precipitation
Evaporation
Infiltration
Transpiration

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How might climate change-induced alterations in precipitation patterns most directly affect the hydrologic cycle within a closed basin lake ecosystem?
Reduced biodiversity as species adapt to new precipitation regimes.
Enhanced carbon sequestration in aquatic plants with increased rainfall.
Changes in lake levels due to unbalanced rates of evaporation and precipitation.
Increased algal blooms from greater nutrient runoff during heavy rains.
Which strategy can increase a region's resilience to drought conditions while maintaining its position within the hydrologic cycle?
Enhancing agricultural irrigation efficiency with drip systems.
Expanding groundwater extraction during peak agricultural seasons.
Promoting widespread use of high-volume sprinkler systems for agriculture.
Constructing more dams and reservoirs for surface water storage.
What process primarily contributes to ocean acidification, which leads to decreased shell formation capabilities in marine organisms like mollusks and corals?
Evaporation and precipitation cycles over the sea surface
Absorption of excess atmospheric CO2 by oceans
Natural oil seeps on ocean floors
Direct discharge of industrial waste into oceans