The Living World: Ecosystems
Which component of the hydrologic cycle best describes water flowing over land towards rivers, lakes, or oceans?
Incorporated runoff
Runoff
Subsurface flow
Deposition
How might climate change-induced alterations in precipitation patterns most directly affect the hydrologic cycle within a closed basin lake ecosystem?
Reduced biodiversity as species adapt to new precipitation regimes.
Enhanced carbon sequestration in aquatic plants with increased rainfall.
Changes in lake levels due to unbalanced rates of evaporation and precipitation.
Increased algal blooms from greater nutrient runoff during heavy rains.
Which strategy can increase a region's resilience to drought conditions while maintaining its position within the hydrologic cycle?
Enhancing agricultural irrigation efficiency with drip systems.
Expanding groundwater extraction during peak agricultural seasons.
Promoting widespread use of high-volume sprinkler systems for agriculture.
Constructing more dams and reservoirs for surface water storage.
How can local governments most effectively affect the hydrologic cycle positively within their jurisdiction?
Opening new landfills with modern leachate collection systems.
Constructing seawalls to protect coastal regions from storm surge.
Increasing greenspace preservation to facilitate natural water cycles.
Building additional power plants to meet growing energy demands.
What term refers to precipitation that does not infiltrate into the ground and flows over Earth’s surface?
Percolation
Runoff
Transpiration
Vaporization
What process primarily contributes to ocean acidification, which leads to decreased shell formation capabilities in marine organisms like mollusks and corals?
Evaporation and precipitation cycles over the sea surface
Absorption of excess atmospheric CO2 by oceans
Natural oil seeps on ocean floors
Direct discharge of industrial waste into oceans
What impact does deforestation have on local water tables in a forest biome?
Trees are no longer available to absorb groundwater leading to a rise in the water table.
Trees consume more water causing a permanent decrease in water table height.
The digging up of roots creates channels for more rainwater absorption lowering the water table further.
Forest soils become compacted without tree cover increasing runoff and leaving water tables unchanged.

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What is the name of the process by which rain, snow, hail or sleet falls from the clouds toward the earth's surface?
Evapotranspiration
Subduction
Absorption
Precipitation
In urbanized regions, which modification most significantly alters the natural recharge rate of an aquifer?
Designated green spaces around commercial districts.
Increased impervious surface coverage from buildings and roads.
Installation of rooftop gardens on residential homes.
Construction of public parks with natural vegetation.
Which part of the hydrologic cycle involves plants releasing water vapor into the air?
Sedimentation
Transpiration
Evapotranspiration
Decomposition