The Living World: Biodiversity

Webbed feet for climbing steep surfaces

Long roots to absorb underground moisture

Thick fur and fat layers for insulation

Membranes over eyes for filtering sunlight

All of the above

In response to environmental or selective pressures

Over multiple generations or within a single generation

Through genetic mutations and variations

Constructing larger highways to improve traffic flow.

Building more suburban developments to spread out population density.

Expanding industrial zones for economic growth purposes only.

Increasing green space and promoting mixed-use development to reduce transportation emissions.

Genetic adaptation

Reproductive adaptation

Behavioral adaptation

Physical adaptation

Thin cuticles to promote transpiration

Stomata that close during the day

Shallow root systems for nutrient uptake

Broad leaves for increased photosynthesis

The production of enzymes for photosynthesis in plants.

The presence of stomata on the underside of leaves.

The development of thick fur in arctic foxes.

Migration of birds to avoid harsh winter conditions.

Colorful flowers attract more pollinators thus improving reproductive success even though reproduction does not rely solely on the presence of such traits.

Wide flat canopies increase photosynthesis rates despite availability of sunlight sufficient.

Developing deep root systems capable of reaching underground water sources.

Thick leaves store nutrients but which are not necessarily needed for survival in dry conditions.

Increased pest resistance varieties through genetic modifications.

Inadequate water management systems.

Introduction of soil productivity through increased erosion and desertification.

Design for reduction of evapotranspiration from plants.

Extended fasting periods during longer ice-free seasons.

Diversification of diet through increased predation on seabirds’ nests.

Increased reliance on terrestrial plants as a food source.

Use of land-based maternity dens due to earlier sea-ice break-up.

Building resilient infrastructure like sea walls combined with ecosystem restoration such as mangrove planting

Raising existing buildings on stilts while neglecting adjustments in local land-use policies

Expanding evacuation routes without incorporating long-term habitability solutions

Using desalination plants exclusively to provide fresh water as seawater encroaches into freshwater reserves