Earth Systems & Resources
Which of the following pollutants is most likely to increase the acidity of soil and water ecosystems, potentially leading to decreased species diversity?
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Methane (CH4)
Which layer of Earth is broken into tectonic plates?
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere
Lithosphere
Outer core
What is the consequence of diverting rivers for urban development on local tectonic processes?
Subsidence in areas where water removal causes compaction of sediments.
Formation of new mountain ranges due to sudden crustal uplift.
Creation of mid-ocean ridges as a direct result of changes in river paths.
Induction of mantle plumes beneath cities leading to increased volcanism.
Which type of plate boundary occurs where two plates move away from each other?
Convergent boundary
Transform boundary
Divergent boundary
Subduction zone
How does the presence of a hot spot such as Hawaii relate to tectonic plate movement?
Formation of chains of volcanic islands along deep-sea trenches
Mountain range uplift caused by convergent boundaries
Development of an intraplate moving over a plume of upwelling magma from the mantle
Continental crust thinning leading to rift valley formation
What natural tectonic event has the potential to dramatically alter habitats and cause a temporary increase in biodiversity by creating new ecological niches?
Gradual continental drift causing continents to move closer together over time.
Volcanic eruptions that form new landforms with unique habitats.
The consistent weathering of rocks releasing nutrients into soil very slowly over centuries.
Slow erosion of mountains contributing sediment to river deltas far away from their source.
Given the interaction between hydrologic cycles and plate tectonics, which aspect could critically affect both freshwater management and earthquake risk mitigation?
Predicting precise rainfall patterns over decades
Assessing aquifer vulnerability during tectonic shifts
Measuring ocean current speeds after earthquakes
Calculating future ice cap melt rates exclusively

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What process takes place at divergent boundaries on the ocean floor?
Seafloor spreading
Continental collision
Subduction
Transform faulting
Which of the following energy sources has an environmental impact that includes both habitat disruption and risk of seismic activity when utilized?
Wind power
Nuclear power
Geothermal energy
Hydroelectric power
Which type of plate boundary typically creates mountains?
Divergent boundary
Convergent boundary
Subduction zone
Transform boundary