Earth Systems & Resources
Which factor impacts the amount of runoff absorbed by soil in a watershed?
Size
Vegetation
Slope
Type of soil
When considering social aspects, what is a potential drawback of creating large-scale marine protected areas (MPAs) within coastal watersheds?
Displacing recreational activities may lead tourists to frequent other environmental hotspots causing overcrowding there instead.
Encouraging scientific research could inadvertently lead to exploitation through bioprospecting and patent issues surrounding marine resources discovered there.
Limiting access can negatively affect local fishing communities reliant on those areas for their livelihoods.
Focusing on MPAs might detract attention from inland conservation efforts, resulting in reduced funding for non-coastal projects.
Introducing riparian buffers with native plant species along agricultural fields predominantly affects watersheds by doing what?
Stabilizing streambanks and filtering out pollutants before they enter bodies of water.
Increasing invasive species populations that outcompete native flora.
Decreasing primary production as shading reduces photosynthesis in aquatic systems.
Increasing pesticide drift that contaminates adjacent wetlands.
Which of the following is a primary function of a watershed?
Regulating ocean salinity levels
Providing habitats exclusively for terrestrial animals
Filtering sunlight for aquatic plants
Draining precipitation to a common outlet
Which of the following would most likely be a point source of pollution in a watershed?
Agricultural runoff
Discharge from an industrial facility's pipe
Acid deposition from atmosphere
Runoff from urban areas
What happens when streams and rivers diverge in a watershed?
They determine the runoff rate
They create sub-watersheds
They increase soil erosion
They decrease the length of the watershed
What is the relationship between slopes and runoff in a watershed?
Steeper slopes decrease runoff
Slope has no impact on runoff
Slope determines the size of the watershed
Steeper slopes increase runoff

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If a community living upstream from a commercial fishery wants to reduce sedimentation in the watershed, which practice would likely be most effective while balancing economic and ecological needs?
Implementing riparian buffers with native vegetation along riverbanks.
Building a series of small dams along the river.
Introducing an invasive plant species known for rapid growth and erosion control.
Mandating immediate cessation of all nearby agricultural activities.
What process in the nitrogen cycle is primarily responsible for removing excess nitrates from wastewater before it reenters rivers or lakes?
Ammonification
Denitrification
Nitrification
Assimilation
Which human activity is most directly responsible for increasing nutrient loads in freshwater ecosystems?
Implementing no-till farming practices.
Installing solar panels.
Building wind turbines.
Using agricultural fertilizers.