Land & Water Use
What type of irrigation delivers water directly to the base of the plant through tubing or pipes?
Drip irrigation
Spray irrigation
Basin irrigation
Trench irrigation
Which of the following disadvantages is commonly associated with flood irrigation systems?
Increased potential for groundwater contamination from drip lines
High labor requirement for daily system setup
High energy usage for pressurized sprinklers
Waterlogging of soil
What innovative approach could be used to address both groundwater scarcity and agricultural pollution caused by irrigation runoff into adjacent wetlands or streams?
Increasing the depth of farm ponds for capacity enhancement and natural filtration of farm runoff before release.
Expansion of rainfed cultivation methods to eliminate the need for additional irrigation sources.
Adoption of conventional water purification plants for disinfecting treated wastewater from farms before discharge.
Use of constructed wetlands as a bioremediation system to cleanse farm runoff before returning to water bodies.
What is the irrigation system that waters crops in a circular pattern around a central pivot point?
Spray irrigation
Furrow irrigation
Center pivot irrigation
Flood irrigation
If conducting a longitudinal study to determine the effectiveness of subsurface drip versus sprinkler systems in conserving soil moisture and promoting plant growth, what would be a suitable dependent variable to monitor over multiple growing seasons?
Rootzone humidity levels at various depths throughout the year.
Decreased use of synthetic pesticides due to enhanced pest resistance originating from more stable microclimates.
Increased number of pollinator visits to specific plants.
Change percentage weed cover across different plots for each system.
Which irrigation system would generally have the potential for increased soil erosion and runoff when compared to others, especially when applied on sloped land?
Drip irrigation with pressure-compensating emitters ensuring precise delivery regardless of elevation changes
Towline sprinkler systems that are easily repositioned and adjusted for varied terrain inclinations
Surface irrigation
Laser-leveled basins designed specifically for slope management providing uniform distribution
Which irrigation method is most likely to lead to soil salinization if used continuously over a long period in arid regions with high evaporation rates?
Center pivot irrigation
Drip (trickle) irrigation
Sub-irrigation systems
Surface (flood) irrigation

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What is a potential consequence for local biodiversity when farmers switch from traditional watering methods to center pivot irrigation systems?
Greater chemical fertilizer retention in soil
Decreased greenhouse gas emissions from farms
Reduced water availability for native species
Increased soil erosion rates
What is the simplest form of irrigation which spreads water over an entire field?
Flood irrigation
Furrow irrigation
Drip irrigation
Center pivot irrigation
Which irrigation method involves submerging the crop land in water, is often used for rice paddies, and can use a lot of water?
Rainfall harvesting
Drip irrigation
Terrace farming
Flood irrigation