Aquatic & Terrestrial Pollution

The dose that causes any observable effect in 50% of the population.

The dose that kills 100% of the test population.

The dose that is lethal to 50% of a test population.

The concentration in the environment that causes any observable effect in 50% of the population.

LD50 measures concentration in air, while LC50 measures direct dosage.

LD50 is used for aquatic organisms, while LC50 is used for terrestrial organisms.

LD50 measures the dose of a substance, while LC50 measures the concentration of a substance in air or water.

LD50 measures chronic toxicity, while LC50 measures acute toxicity.

Assessing the acute toxicity of a new pesticide.

Comparing the relative toxicity of different industrial chemicals.

Determining safe exposure limits for workers handling hazardous materials.

Evaluating the long-term health effects of chronic exposure to low levels of a pollutant.

Ethanol (Alcohol) with an oral LD50 of ~7,000 mg/kg

Table Salt with an oral LD50 of ~3,000 mg/kg

Caffeine with an oral LD50 of ~190 mg/kg

Nicotine with an oral LD50 of ~50 mg/kg

Substance B is more toxic because it has a higher LD50 value.

Substance A is more toxic because it has a higher LD50 value.

Substance A is more toxic because it has a lower LD50 value.

Both substances have equal toxicity since LD50 values are relative and not absolute.

Dermal exposure poses a greater risk because it is more readily absorbed into the body.

Oral exposure poses a greater risk because it has a higher LD50 value.

Dermal exposure poses a greater risk because it has a higher LD50 value.

Oral exposure poses a greater risk because it has a lower LD50 value.

Dose that causes a therapeutic effect in 50% of the population.

Highest dose with no adverse effects.

Dose that kills 100% of the test population.

Dose at which an effect is likely to occur.

15 mg/kg

25 mg/kg

10 mg/kg

5 mg/kg

Using a standardized testing protocol.

Dividing animals into groups.

Differences in species sensitivity to the test substance.

Observing animals for signs of toxicity or death.

Animals are observed over a specific period for signs of toxicity or death.

It is a standardized way to measure and compare chemical toxicity.

The potential for animal suffering and death during the testing process.

Animals are exposed to different doses or concentrations of the test substance.