Global Change
Which of the following experimental designs would best test the impact of increased ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to ozone depletion on both phytoplankton and zooplankton populations in a freshwater ecosystem?
Comparing historical data on plankton populations from areas with known ozone thinning to current population data from unaffected areas.
Measuring the ambient UV radiation at different depths of a single freshwater body over time while monitoring general biodiversity.
Surveying phytoplankton diversity at various latitudes to infer UV radiation effects based on stratospheric ozone concentration gradients.
Exposing controlled aquatic microcosms to varying intensities of UV radiation and measuring changes in phytoplankton photosynthesis and zooplankton survival rates.
What human activity predominantly contributed to historical increases in atmospheric concentrations of CFCs?
Use of fossil fuels for transportation
Agricultural fertilizer application
Deforestation practices worldwide
Refrigerant use in air conditioning and refrigeration systems
What human-made chemicals are known to deplete stratospheric ozone?
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Ammonia (NH3)
The adoption of which alternative fuel could potentially reduce the demand for ozone-depleting substances used in traditional refrigeration systems?
Propane for cooking stoves
Ammonia-based refrigerants
Oil for home heating
Gasoline in vehicles
To study the cascading effects of ozone layer depletion on an agricultural food chain, which experimental setup would most effectively isolate the role of enhanced UV-B radiation?
Monitoring one field's soil nutrient content and pest presence over multiple seasons with standard agricultural practices.
Cultivating identical crops with protective filters that simulate various levels of stratospheric ozone reduction and analyzing subsequent insect herbivore populations.
Recording crop growth patterns under current atmospheric conditions without manipulating or simulating variations in UV-B exposure.
Comparing yield data from different geographical regions that have varying natural levels of solar irradiance but similar crop species.
Which renewable energy technology relies on materials or processes that do NOT contribute significantly to stratospheric ozone depletion?
Biomass burning for electricity generation
Nuclear fission reactors employing uranium-235
Natural gas power plants utilizing fracking technology
Solar photovoltaics
Which type of ultraviolet radiation is mostly absorbed by the ozone layer?
UV-A radiation
UV-C radiation
UV-B radiation
Infrared radiation

How are we doing?
Give us your feedback and let us know how we can improve
Which international agreement aims to reduce the production of substances responsible for ozone depletion?
The Paris Agreement
The Kyoto Protocol
The Montreal Protocol
The Stockholm Convention
What is one major consequence on human health associated with increased UV-B exposure due to ozone depletion?
Skin cancer
Lower blood pressure
Increased risk of common cold
Decreased vitamin D production
How does stratospheric ozone depletion most likely affect biodiversity in aquatic systems?
Elevated UV-B levels lead to higher mutation rates and mortality in phytoplankton populations.
Increased absorption of CO2 by phytoplankton due to cooler water temperatures.
Higher oxygen production as a response to greater sunlight exposure for photosynthesis.
Decreased acidification effects owing to lower concentrations of dissolved ozone in water bodies.