Global Change
Which substance was commonly used as a propellant in aerosol sprays before being phased out due to its impact on the ozone layer?
Methane (CH4)
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
What effect does a thinner ozone layer have on ecosystems at Earth's surface?
Enhanced carbon sequestration abilities in forests since trees grow more rapidly under increased UV conditions.
Increased exposure to UV-B rays leads to higher rates of skin cancer and cataracts as well as potential harm to plants and aquatic life.
Greater generation of wind energy because a thinner ozone layer reduces atmospheric resistance against wind turbines.
Increased levels of photosynthesis due to higher amounts of UV light penetrating through the atmosphere.
What is the role of the European Union Regulation on Ozone-Depleting Substances?
It bans all ODS production in the European Union
It focuses solely on reducing ODS consumption in the European Union
It sets limits on the production and use of ODS in the EU and its member states
It promotes the unrestricted use of ODS within the European Union
Which agricultural adaptation strategy would most effectively counteract the negative impacts of climate change on crop yield due to increased temperature and altered precipitation patterns?
Increasing the application of nitrogen-based fertilizers to boost growth.
Implementing drought-resistant crop varieties.
Continuing traditional planting schedules unaffected by climate data.
Expanding irrigation infrastructure without efficiency improvements.
Which process directly leads to the breakdown of ozone molecules in the stratosphere?
Chlorine atoms reacting with ozone molecules releasing chlorine monoxide and oxygen.
Ultraviolet light breaking down carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbonic acid.
How would a reduction in atmospheric ozone concentration most likely affect phytoplankton populations in marine ecosystems?
It would remain unchanged as phytoplankton have adaptive mechanisms against UV radiation.
It would fluctuate unpredictably due to indirect effects on nutrient cycles.
It would likely decrease due to increased UV radiation harming photosynthetic processes.
It would likely increase due to reduced competition with ozone for sunlight.
Which gas, present also in air conditioners and refrigerators, was once commonly used but is now regulated due to its impact on the ozone layer?
Sulfur dioxides (SOx)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

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Considering the environmental impact of halons in fire extinguishers, what would be an eco-friendlier alternative to use for fighting electrical fires where water cannot be applied?
Carbon tetrachloride-based fire extinguishers
Bromochlorodifluoromethane-based fire extinguishers
Hydrobromofluorocarbons-based fire suppressants
Inert gas-based fire suppression systems
Which international agreement is primarily responsible for the significant reduction in the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances globally?
Paris Agreement.
Kyoto Protocol.
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
In terms of reducing ozone depletion, why is proper disposal and recycling of air conditioning equipment important?
Prevent release of CFCs and HCFCs contained in old systems.
Conserve energy by reusing parts from older units in newer systems.
Reduce demand for new raw materials used in manufacturing new units.
Mitigate water pollution caused by leaking coolants.