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What is the Triangular Trade?
A transatlantic trade network involving Europe, Africa, and the Americas, exchanging goods and enslaved people.
What is the Middle Passage?
The brutal voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.
Define 'seasoning' in the context of slavery.
The process of training newly arrived enslaved Africans in the Americas, often involving new skills, language, and names.
What does 'abolition' mean?
The act of ending slavery and the slave trade.
What is chattel slavery?
A system where enslaved people are considered legal property that can be bought, sold, and inherited.
Define indentured servitude.
A labor system where people work for a set period in exchange for passage to the Americas and eventual freedom.
What is meant by 'raw materials' in the context of the Atlantic economy?
Unprocessed natural resources like sugar, tobacco, cotton, and coffee that are extracted and used in manufacturing.
Define 'plantation economy'.
An economic system based on agricultural mass production, typically relying on slave labor, especially in the Americas.
What were 'finished goods' in the context of the Triangular Trade?
Manufactured products like guns, textiles, and alcohol that were traded from Europe to Africa.
What is meant by 'cultural imposition' in the context of slavery?
The forced replacement of enslaved people's original cultures with the culture and beliefs of the enslavers.
What were the causes and effects of the labor shortage in the Americas?
Causes: Decline in Native American populations, decrease in indentured servants. Effects: Increased demand for enslaved African labor.
What were the causes and effects of the Triangular Trade system?
Causes: European demand for raw materials, African internal conflicts, and labor shortages in Americas. Effects: Massive forced migration, economic development in Europe and the Americas, devastation in Africa.
What were the causes and effects of the Middle Passage?
Causes: Demand for enslaved labor in the Americas. Effects: Death, disease, inhumane conditions, psychological trauma for enslaved Africans.
What were the causes and effects of considering slaves as property?
Causes: Economic incentives, racial ideologies. Effects: Abuse, lack of legal rights, family separation, cultural imposition.
What were the causes and effects of the abolition movement?
Causes: Enlightenment ideals, religious beliefs, resistance from enslaved people. Effects: Gradual end of the slave trade and slavery in various regions, but with lasting social and economic repercussions.
What was the cause and effect of England ending the slave trade in 1807?
Cause: Growing abolitionist movement and economic shifts. Effect: While the trade was outlawed, slavery continued in other regions, and illegal trade persisted.
What were the causes and effects of cultural imposition on enslaved people?
Causes: Desire to control and assimilate enslaved populations. Effects: Loss of cultural identity, resistance, syncretism (blending of cultures).
What were the causes and effects of the transatlantic slave trade on Africa?
Causes: European demand for labor. Effects: Population decline, economic disruption, increased warfare and political instability.
What were the causes and effects of the transatlantic slave trade on the Americas?
Causes: Labor shortages, demand for plantation crops. Effects: Economic development, social hierarchies based on race, cultural diversity, and resistance.
What were the causes and effects of the transatlantic slave trade on Europe?
Causes: Economic incentives, demand for raw materials. Effects: Economic growth, accumulation of wealth, rise of merchant class, and expansion of colonial empires.
When did the first slaves arrive in North America?
1619
What was the significance of 1807 in the context of the slave trade?
England ended the slave trade.
When did the U.S. abolish slavery?
1863 (during the Civil War)
When did Brazil abolish slavery?
1888
What was the approximate timeframe of the transatlantic slave trade?
Approximately 1500-1800
What was the significance of the decline in Native American populations?
It created a labor shortage that contributed to the rise of the transatlantic slave trade.
What role did internal African conflicts play in the slave trade?
Africans captured other Africans during internal conflicts and traded them to Europeans for goods.
What was the impact of increased demand for plantation crops?
It led to increased demand for enslaved labor in the Americas.
What was the significance of the 'seasoning' process?
It aimed to strip enslaved people of their former identities and assimilate them into the slave system.
What was the impact of the Haitian Revolution?
It was a successful anti-slavery and anti-colonial revolt by self-liberated slaves that impacted the abolition movement.