All Flashcards
Who was Erasmus?
Dutch scholar, 'prince of humanism,' criticized Church corruption, created new edition of the New Testament.
Who was Pieter Bruegel the Elder?
Known for detailed scenes of peasant life and symbolic representations in his art.
Who was Rembrandt?
Famous for his detailed portraits and study of human anatomy in his paintings.
Who was Johann Gutenberg?
Inventor of the printing press in the 15th century.
What is Christian Humanism?
Movement blending classical learning with Christian teachings, emphasizing individual potential and religious reform.
Define Naturalism (in art).
Artistic style focusing on detailed and precise depictions of everyday life and individuals.
What was the Northern Renaissance?
The spread of Renaissance ideas to Northern Europe, characterized by religious reform and everyday life focus.
Define 'Renaissance'.
A period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering much of the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass ideas and achievements of classical antiquity.
What is meant by 'religious reform'?
Efforts to change or improve the practices and teachings of the Church, often in response to perceived corruption or discrepancies.
Define 'classical learning'.
The study of ancient Greek and Roman texts, philosophy, and culture.
What is the printing press?
A mechanical device for transferring text or images to paper, invented by Johann Gutenberg.
What is meant by 'vernacular'?
The everyday language spoken by the people of a particular region or country.
Define 'individualism'.
Emphasis on the importance of the individual and their achievements, rather than collective identity.
What is 'human anatomy'?
The scientific study of the structure of the human body.
What were the causes and effects of Christian Humanism?
Cause: Desire to blend classical learning with Christian faith. Effect: Religious reform and emphasis on individual potential.
What were the causes and effects of the printing press?
Cause: Desire for faster and cheaper book production. Effect: Increased literacy, spread of ideas, religious reform.
What were the causes and effects of the Northern Renaissance?
Cause: Spread of Renaissance ideas from Italy and a desire for religious and social reform. Effect: New artistic styles, increased literacy, and the Protestant Reformation.
What were the causes and effects of studying original Latin texts?
Cause: Northern humanists sought to understand the original teachings of the Church. Effect: Identification of discrepancies with Catholic teachings and a desire for reform.
What were the causes and effects of increased literacy?
Cause: The invention of the printing press made books more accessible. Effect: Greater engagement with religious and political texts and the spread of new ideas.
What were the causes and effects of individuals questioning religious texts?
Cause: Increased access to religious texts and a desire for religious reform. Effect: Fueling the demand for reforms and challenging the authority of the Catholic Church.
What were the causes and effects of Naturalism in art?
Cause: A desire to depict the world accurately and a focus on everyday life. Effect: Detailed and precise depictions of individuals and scenes from daily life.