What were the causes and effects of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Cause: Competition between Spain and Portugal. Effect: Division of South America, shaping colonial development.
What were the causes and effects of the War of the Spanish Succession?
Cause: Death of Charles II without an heir and fears of French dominance. Effect: Treaty of Utrecht, altered European power balance.
What were the causes and effects of the Seven Years' War?
Cause: Colonial and European rivalries. Effect: Treaty of Paris, British dominance, reshaped global power dynamics.
What were the causes and effects of the Asiento?
Cause: Demand for labor in Spanish colonies. Effect: Increased slavery and economic competition among European powers.
What were the causes and effects of Dutch religious tolerance?
Cause: Calvinist values and a pragmatic approach to governance. Effect: Economic growth and attraction of skilled workers and merchants.
What were the causes and effects of Mercantilism?
Cause: Desire for national wealth and power. Effect: Colonial expansion, trade restrictions, and conflicts over resources.
What were the causes and effects of the Transatlantic Slave Trade?
Cause: Demand for labor on plantations in the Americas. Effect: Devastation of African societies, enrichment of European powers, and the creation of a system of racial inequality.
What were the causes and effects of European exploration?
Cause: Desire for new trade routes, wealth, and religious conversion. Effect: Colonial expansion, cultural exchange, and the exploitation of indigenous populations.
What were the causes and effects of Colonial Rivalries?
Cause: Competition for land, resources, and trade. Effect: Wars, shifting alliances, and the reshaping of global power dynamics.
What were the causes and effects of French colonization in Haiti?
Cause: Desire for wealth through sugar production. Effect: Establishment of profitable plantations, reliance on enslaved labor, and social unrest.
What is the definition of Mercantilism?
An economic policy focused on maximizing exports and accumulating wealth (gold and silver) for the mother country through strict regulation of trade with its colonies.
What is the definition of Asiento?
A contract granting a country or company the right to provide enslaved Africans to Spanish colonies.
What is the definition of a Colony?
A territory controlled and governed by a foreign power, often for economic exploitation and strategic advantage.
What is the definition of Joint-Stock Company?
A business entity where different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders. Used to finance colonial ventures.
What is the definition of Merchant Oligarchies?
A small group of wealthy merchants who control the government and economy of a city or region.
What is the definition of Transatlantic Slave Trade?
The forced transportation of enslaved Africans to the Americas, primarily to work on plantations, creating a vast and brutal system of exploitation.
What is the definition of Treaty?
A formal agreement between two or more states in reference to terms of peace, trade, alliance, or other international relations.
What is the definition of Colonial Rivalry?
Competition among European powers to establish and expand their colonies, leading to conflicts and shifting alliances.
What is the definition of Plantation?
A large-scale agricultural estate, typically in the colonies, specializing in the production of cash crops like sugar, tobacco, or cotton, often relying on enslaved labor.
What is the definition of Religious Tolerance?
Acceptance of different religious beliefs and practices within a society.
Compare Spanish and Portuguese colonization.
Spain focused on the Americas, extracting resources and converting populations. Portugal focused on trade routes and establishing coastal trading posts in Africa and Asia.
Compare Dutch and French colonization.
The Dutch focused on trade and establishing commercial networks, while the French focused on fur trade, fishing, and spreading Catholicism.
Compare the Treaty of Utrecht and the Treaty of Paris.
The Treaty of Utrecht ended the War of the Spanish Succession and reshaped European power, while the Treaty of Paris ended the Seven Years' War and established British dominance.
Compare the motivations of colonizers.
Spain sought gold, glory, and God; Portugal sought trade routes and wealth; the Dutch sought commercial dominance; France sought fish, fur, and faith; England sought land, resources, and religious freedom.
Compare the impact of colonization on indigenous populations.
European colonization led to displacement, disease, and cultural disruption for indigenous populations across the Americas, Africa, and Asia.
Compare the role of slavery in different colonial empires.
Slavery was central to the economies of Spanish, Portuguese, French, and British colonies in the Americas, providing labor for plantations and mines.
Compare the economic systems of different colonial empires.
Spanish and Portuguese empires relied heavily on mercantilism and the extraction of resources, while the Dutch empire focused on trade and financial innovation.
Compare the political structures of different colonial empires.
Spanish colonies were governed by viceroys appointed by the crown, while Dutch colonies were often controlled by merchant oligarchies.
Compare the religious policies of different colonial empires.
Spain and France actively promoted Catholicism, while the Dutch practiced religious tolerance to attract settlers and promote economic growth.
Compare the long-term impacts of European colonization.
European colonization led to the spread of European languages, cultures, and institutions, as well as the creation of new nations and the exploitation of resources and labor.
