Renaissance and Exploration
Which naval commander's defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 had significant consequences for England's ability to establish itself as a dominant maritime power?
Sir Francis Drake
Jean Bart
Horatio Nelson
Admiral Michiel de Ruyter
What economic ideology did Europe follow during its colonial expansions?
Feudalism
Capitalism
Socialism
Mercantilism
Which outcome reflects the impact of Social Darwinism on late nineteenth-century imperial policies?
It justified aggressive expansion and dehumanization of subject peoples as natural selection in action.
These theories played no significant role; economic factors drove imperial decisions exclusively without ideological influence.
It encouraged a policy shift toward non-intervention and respect for cultural differences among empire subjects.
Social Darwinism advocated for returning conquered lands to indigenous populations based on moral grounds.
What potential outcome might have arisen if Russia had established an earlier stronghold in Alaska and furthered eastward expansion before other European powers intensified their efforts in North America?
Exploration focused instead on fostering relationships with indigenous peoples to promote peaceful coexistence.
Lack of access to warm-water ports could dramatically slow down the process of empire-building.
Early discovery of gold deposits could trigger mass migration akin to the California Gold Rush.
Russian territorial claims could clash with those of Britain, eventually leading to global realignment of alliances.
What was a significant motivation for European colonial expansion during this period?
Economic gain
Religious conversion
Cultural assimilation
Military dominance
How did mercantilism influence the policies of European states toward their colonies during the 17th and 18th centuries?
It resulted in policies that promoted colonial self-sufficiency and discouraged export of raw materials.
It led to the establishment of monopolies and restrictive trade practices favoring the mother country.
It supported the dismantling of colonial empires in favor of independent, economically diverse states.
It encouraged free trade between colonies and multiple European nations to stimulate economic growth.
How did French Huguenots affect French national identity during the Wars of Religion?
The eventual expulsion forged a strictly orthodox society where questioning royal or ecclesiastical authority was seen as traitorous, undermining pluralistic aspects of French national identity.
Their fight for recognition destabilized traditional views on monarchy & nationhood ultimately leading France toward secular absolutism after much conflict.
Increased persecution led many Huguenots to emigrate, establishing French colonies abroad and enhancing France’s imperial reputation rather than altering domestic dynamics.
The influx into France increased militaristic patriotism among Catholics who felt threatened by potential Huguenot uprisings.

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How did the Scientific Revolution change the way Europeans viewed their relationship with the world?
It encouraged exploration and colonization of new lands.
It diminished Europe's role in world affairs.
It reinforced religious beliefs through scientific discovery.
It emphasized observation and reason over traditional beliefs.
What remained as one constant factor influencing colonization even amidst changing political scenarios in Europe during its history?
Cultural Exchange
Economic Benefit
Technological Advancement
Religious Conversion
What was an effect on African societies due to increased trans-Atlantic slave trade by Europeans?
Disruption of traditional cultures and communities
Rapid industrialization similar to Europe's experience
Immediate abolition movements within African societies
Introduction of democratic forms of government from colonial powers