All Flashcards
What were the causes and effects of the invention of the printing press?
Cause: Desire for faster and cheaper book production. Effect: Rapid spread of new ideas, including those of the Reformation.
What were the causes and effects of the sale of indulgences?
Cause: Church needed money (e.g., St. Peter's Basilica). Effect: Outrage, fueling calls for reform.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of state power?
Cause: Desire of rulers to consolidate control. Effect: Weakening of Church influence and authority.
What were the causes and effects of the Church's wealth and power?
Cause: Accumulation of land, tithes, and fees. Effect: Criticism for worldliness and corruption.
What were the causes and effects of the pre-Luther reformers' ideas?
Cause: Dissatisfaction with Church practices. Effect: Laid groundwork for the Protestant Reformation.
What were the causes and effects of the Commercial Revolution?
Cause: Voyages of exploration and increased trade. Effect: Cities expanded, and new inventions emerged.
What were the causes and effects of the lack of knowledge among priests?
Cause: Inadequate training and education. Effect: Decreased respect for the clergy and their teachings.
What were the causes and effects of the Church's use of force?
Cause: Suppression of dissent and heresy. Effect: Increased resentment and calls for reform.
What were the causes and effects of translating the Bible into vernacular languages?
Cause: Desire to make scripture accessible to all. Effect: Empowered individuals to interpret scripture for themselves, challenging Church authority.
What were the causes and effects of nepotism and simony within the Church?
Cause: Corruption and desire for personal gain. Effect: Eroded trust in the Church and fueled calls for reform.
Who were Jan Hus and John Wycliffe?
Early critics of the Catholic Church who challenged its authority.
Who was Johann Tetzel?
A seller of indulgences whose actions provoked Martin Luther.
Who was Johannes Gutenberg?
Inventor of the printing press.
Who was Henry VII?
English king who empowered the Star Chamber.
What was the significance of The Borgias?
An Italian family that exemplified the abuse of clerical power.
What did Jan Hus advocate for?
Challenged the Church openly, criticizing its officials and policies as “unscriptural.”
What did John Wycliffe believe?
Believed the Bible should be in the vernacular so everyone could read it.
What was the role of Pre-Luther Reformers?
Challenged the Church openly, criticizing its officials and policies as “unscriptural.”
What was the role of the priests?
Lack of knowledge among priests was one of the critiques of the Church.
What was the role of the Pope?
They undermined the authority of the Pope.
What was the significance of Wycliffe and Hus challenging the Church?
They were major influences on the Protestant Reformation, laying the groundwork for Luther.
What was the purpose of selling indulgences?
To raise money, notably to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome.
What was the impact of the printing press?
Revolutionized the spread of information, allowing mass production of documents.
What was the effect of governments strengthening their power?
Led to a decline in the Church's power.
What was the significance of the Thirty Years' War?
Example of the interplay between religious, political, and economic motives.
What was the effect of translating the Bible into vernacular languages?
Allowed more people to interpret scripture for themselves, challenging Church authority.
What was the effect of the rise of state power?
Governments began to strengthen their own power at the expense of the Church.
What was the consequence of the Church's use of force?
Suppressed dissent and fueled resentment towards the Church.
What was the effect of the Commercial Revolution?
Cities expanded, and new inventions emerged, challenging traditional ways of life.
What was the impact of Johann Tetzel's actions?
His aggressive selling of indulgences sparked outrage and contributed to the Reformation.