All Flashcards
Compare Luther and Calvin.
Both were Protestant reformers. Luther emphasized faith alone, while Calvin emphasized predestination.
Compare Catholic and Protestant beliefs about salvation.
Catholics believe in salvation through faith and good works, while Protestants believe in salvation through faith alone.
Compare Catholic and Protestant views on the Bible.
Catholics believe in the Bible and Church teachings, while Protestants believe the Bible is the sole source of authority.
Compare the Eucharist in Catholicism and Lutheranism.
Catholics believe in transubstantiation, while Lutherans believe in consubstantiation.
Compare Luther's and Zwingli's views on the Eucharist.
Luther believed in consubstantiation, while Zwingli viewed the bread and wine as symbolic.
Compare the role of clergy in Catholicism and Protestantism.
Catholicism has a hierarchical clergy, while Protestantism emphasizes the priesthood of all believers.
Compare the views of Luther and the Anabaptists on state authority.
Luther believed in obedience to secular authority, while Anabaptists advocated for separation of church and state.
Compare the impact of Luther and Calvin on European society.
Luther's ideas sparked the Reformation in Germany, while Calvin's teachings influenced the development of capitalism and spread to other parts of Europe.
Compare the Catholic Church's response to Luther and Calvin.
The Catholic Church condemned Luther as a heretic and launched the Counter-Reformation to combat Protestantism, while Calvin's teachings led to the establishment of Reformed churches.
Compare the beliefs of Luther and Calvin on free will.
Luther believed in free will, while Calvin believed in predestination, where God has already decided who will be saved and who will not.
What is the definition of Indulgences?
Certificates sold by the Church that were believed to reduce time in purgatory.
What is the definition of Sola Fide?
The belief that salvation is achieved through faith alone.
What is the definition of Sola Scriptura?
The belief that the Bible is the sole source of religious authority.
What is the definition of Predestination?
The belief that God has already decided who will be saved and who will not.
What is the definition of Diet?
An assembly or formal meeting.
What is the definition of the Protestant Work Ethic?
The belief that hard work and wealth are signs of God's favor, contributing to the rise of capitalism.
What is the definition of Priesthood of all believers?
The concept that all believers have direct access to God.
What is the definition of Transubstantiation?
The Catholic belief that the bread and wine literally become the body and blood of Christ.
What is the definition of Consubstantiation?
The Lutheran belief that Christ is present in the bread and wine during communion.
What are Anabaptists?
A radical group believing in adult baptism and separation of church and state.
Who was Martin Luther?
A German monk who initiated the Protestant Reformation by challenging the sale of indulgences.
Who was John Calvin?
A French theologian who founded Calvinism, emphasizing predestination.
Who was Ulrich Zwingli?
An influential Swiss reformer.
What was Martin Luther's key belief?
Salvation comes through divine grace alone, not through good works or indulgences.
What was John Calvin's key belief?
Predestination - God has already decided who will be saved and who will not.
What was Luther's view on the authority of the Pope?
He rejected the Pope's authority and emphasized the Bible as the sole source of religious authority.
What was Calvin's influence on the Protestant Work Ethic?
His teachings contributed to the development of the Protestant Work Ethic, linking wealth to God's favor.
What was Luther's initial intention with the 95 Theses?
To initiate an academic debate, not to break with the Church.
What was Calvin's view on the role of the state in religious matters?
He believed the state should enforce religious laws and promote moral behavior.
Who did Luther translate the Bible into German?
He translated the Bible into German, making it more accessible to the common people.