All Flashcards
What were the causes and effects of the English Civil War?
Causes: King Charles I's clashes with Parliament over power-sharing, religious tensions. Effects: Parliament's victory, execution of Charles I.
What were the causes and effects of the Glorious Revolution?
Causes: James II's conflicts with Parliament. Effects: Overthrow of James II, establishment of constitutionalism in England.
What were the causes and effects of the Agricultural Revolution?
Causes: Desire for increased food production, new crops like potatoes. Effects: Increased food supply, population growth, displacement of people.
What were the causes and effects of the enclosure movement?
Causes: Desire to consolidate land ownership and increase agricultural investment. Effects: Increased agricultural production, displacement of rural populations, rise of private property.
What were the causes and effects of mercantilism?
Causes: Desire to increase domestic production and national wealth. Effects: Restrictions on imports, colonial exploitation, growth of the Atlantic Slave Trade.
What were the causes and effects of overseas trade?
Causes: Desire for goods not available in Europe. Effects: New financial practices, growth of banks and stock exchanges, the rise of mercantilism.
What were the causes and effects of absolutism?
Causes: Monarchs' desire for total control. Effects: Limited noble influence, strong states with powerful militaries, modernization of nations.
What were the causes and effects of the balance of power?
Causes: Fear of any single country becoming too powerful. Effects: Shaped conflict and diplomacy in Europe, led to wars against France under Louis XIV.
What were the causes and effects of the introduction of potatoes?
Causes: Need for increased food supply. Effects: Increased food availability, population growth.
What were the causes and effects of the putting-out system?
Causes: Shift towards a market economy. Effects: Families produced goods at home, contributed to the growth of market economies.
Compare Absolutism and Constitutionalism.
Absolutism: Monarch holds all power. Constitutionalism: Monarch shares power with a parliament. Both shaped European state development but with different power structures.
Compare the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution.
English Civil War: Violent conflict, led to the execution of Charles I. Glorious Revolution: Peaceful overthrow of James II, established constitutionalism.
Compare the putting-out system and the factory system.
Putting-out system: Home-based production. Factory system: Centralized production. The putting-out system preceded the factory system.
What happened during the English Civil War (1642)?
King Charles I clashed with Parliament over power-sharing, also involving religious and national identity conflicts. Parliament won and executed Charles.
What was the Glorious Revolution?
Parliamentary leaders invited James II's brother-in-law to invade and overthrow him, establishing constitutionalism in England without war.
What was the significance of the Peace of Westphalia?
It shaped conflict and diplomacy by establishing the balance of power in Europe.
What was the impact of the introduction of potatoes in Europe?
Potatoes greatly increased food availability, contributing to population growth.
What were the consequences of the enclosure movement?
It boosted agricultural production but also forced people off the land, especially young women who moved into manufacturing.
What was the impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade?
It generated huge profits for English and Dutch merchants and was crucial to the mercantilist system.
What was the putting-out system?
A system where families produced goods at home, like cloth, as part of a larger market economy.
What financial innovations arose from overseas trade?
New financial practices like insurance and institutions like banks and stock exchanges emerged.
What was the major concern regarding the balance of power?
France, under Louis XIV, was a major concern, leading to several wars to maintain the balance of power.
What was the impact of strong militaries?
Larger states became more powerful, while others declined or disappeared due to the expense of maintaining standing armies.