Absolutism and Constitutionalism

The division of power between church and state.

The political authority to make and enforce rules without needing approval from a higher authority.

The economic policy of free trade and open markets.

The delegation of power from the monarch to the aristocracy.

Disputes over overseas colonies.

Conflict between the King and Parliament over power-sharing.

Religious unity imposed by the monarchy.

Economic prosperity and trade agreements.

Both resulted in the execution of the monarch and the establishment of a republic.

Both were primarily caused by religious differences between Catholics and Protestants.

The English Civil War resulted in the execution of the king, while the Glorious Revolution resulted in the peaceful overthrow of the monarch.

Both strengthened the power of the monarchy at the expense of Parliament.

The monarchy gained absolute power over Parliament.

Parliament gained more power, leading to constitutionalism.

The Catholic Church regained its influence in English politics.

England returned to a system of feudalism.

Shared power between the monarch and elected representatives.

Limited government intervention in the economy.

Centralization of power in the hands of the monarch.

Protection of individual rights and freedoms.

By promoting religious tolerance and diversity.

By reducing the size of their militaries and focusing on economic development.

By limiting the political influence of nobles while maintaining their social and economic privileges.

By establishing democratic institutions and promoting popular sovereignty.

Absolutism led to greater social equality and economic opportunity for all classes.

Absolutism maintained the privileges of the nobility while limiting the political influence.

Absolutism promoted the growth of a strong middle class and reduced the power of the aristocracy.

Absolutism abolished feudalism and created a society based on meritocracy.

To ensure that all countries had equal military strength.

To prevent any single country from becoming too dominant.

To promote free trade and economic cooperation among nations.

To establish a unified European government.

Highly effective, as it prevented any major wars from occurring.

Largely ineffective, as it led to constant warfare and instability.

Partially effective, as it shaped conflict and diplomacy but did not prevent all wars.

Completely irrelevant, as European powers pursued their own interests regardless of the balance of power.

Wheat

Rice

Potatoes

Corn