All Flashcards
Who was Rembrandt?
A key Dutch Golden Age artist known for his portraits and biblical scenes.
Who was Vermeer?
A Dutch Golden Age painter famous for his detailed depictions of domestic life.
Who was Hals?
A Dutch Golden Age painter known for his lively portraits.
Who was René Descartes?
A mathematician and philosopher who contributed to the Scientific Revolution.
Who was Antonie van Leeuwenhoek?
A scientist who made significant contributions to biology and microscopy.
What was the role of the Stadtholder?
A key figure in the Dutch Republic, often from the House of Orange, who served as a military leader and held significant political influence.
Who was Hugo Grotius?
A Dutch jurist who laid the foundations for international law.
Who was Baruch Spinoza?
A Dutch philosopher known for his rationalist approach and critiques of traditional religion.
Who was Jan Steen?
A Dutch Golden Age painter known for his genre scenes of everyday life, often with humorous or moralizing undertones.
Who was William of Orange?
Led the Dutch revolt against Spain and later became King William III of England.
What were the causes and effects of religious tolerance in the Dutch Republic?
Causes: Calvinism's influence, desire for stability. Effects: Economic growth, influx of skilled workers, avoidance of religious conflicts.
What were the causes and effects of the Dutch Republic's decentralized political system?
Causes: Revolt against Spain, desire for local autonomy. Effects: Promotion of freedom, economic prosperity, lack of central control.
What were the causes and effects of the Dutch East India Company's success?
Causes: Naval power, strategic trade routes, efficient organization. Effects: Economic dominance, wealth accumulation, competition with England.
What were the causes and effects of the Anglo-Dutch Wars?
Causes: Commercial rivalry, competition for naval dominance. Effects: Economic strain, decline of Dutch power, shift in global trade balance.
What were the causes and effects of the Dutch Golden Age's artistic achievements?
Causes: Economic prosperity, religious tolerance, cultural innovation. Effects: Detailed and realistic paintings, reflection of middle-class life, lasting cultural legacy.
What were the causes and effects of the Dutch's leading role in trade?
Causes: Strategic location, naval power, commercial innovation. Effects: Economic prosperity, Amsterdam becoming a financial center, vast trade network.
What were the causes and effects of the Scientific Revolution on the Dutch Republic?
Causes: Intellectual curiosity, religious tolerance, patronage of science. Effects: Scientific advancements, philosophical contributions, reputation as a hub for innovation.
What were the causes and effects of the decline of the Dutch Golden Age?
Causes: Competition from England and France, wars, failed ventures. Effects: Economic strain, loss of commercial dominance, shift in global power balance.
What were the causes and effects of the Amsterdam Public Bank?
Causes: Need for financial stability, desire to attract foreign merchants. Effects: Facilitated trade, promoted investment, established Amsterdam as a financial center.
What were the causes and effects of the Dutch revolt against Spain?
Causes: Religious persecution, political oppression, desire for autonomy. Effects: Formation of the Dutch Republic, religious tolerance, economic growth.
Compare the Dutch Republic's political system with absolutist states like France.
The Dutch Republic was a decentralized republic with power held by wealthy merchants, while France was an absolutist monarchy with centralized power in the king.
Compare the Dutch East India Company and the English East India Company.
Both were major trading companies, but the Dutch initially dominated the spice trade, while the English focused on textiles and India.
Compare the economic policies of the Dutch Republic with those of mercantilist states.
The Dutch favored free trade and minimal government intervention, while mercantilist states promoted protectionism and state control over the economy.
Compare the art of the Dutch Golden Age with the art of the Italian Renaissance.
Dutch art focused on realism and middle-class life, while Renaissance art emphasized classical themes and idealized figures.
Compare the religious climate in the Dutch Republic with that of other European states.
The Dutch Republic was known for its religious tolerance, while many other European states enforced religious uniformity.
Compare the Dutch Golden Age with the Spanish Golden Age.
The Dutch Golden Age was characterized by trade and tolerance, while the Spanish Golden Age was marked by exploration and religious fervor.
Compare the Dutch Republic's colonial ventures with those of Spain.
The Dutch focused on trade and establishing commercial outposts, while Spain aimed to conquer and convert indigenous populations.
Compare the Dutch Republic's approach to science with that of other European nations.
The Dutch Republic fostered a climate of intellectual freedom and scientific inquiry, attracting scientists and thinkers from across Europe.
Compare the Dutch Republic's economic structure with that of feudal societies.
The Dutch Republic had a commercial economy based on trade and finance, while feudal societies were agrarian and based on land ownership.
Compare the impact of the Dutch Golden Age with that of the Renaissance.
The Dutch Golden Age focused on trade, science, and middle-class life, while the Renaissance focused on art, literature, and classical learning.