All Flashcards
Compare Louis XIV and William of Orange.
Louis XIV: absolute monarch, divine right. William of Orange: constitutional monarch, limited power.
Compare Mercantilism and Capitalism.
Mercantilism: state control, high tariffs. Capitalism: free markets, limited government.
Compare Absolutism and Constitutionalism: Religion.
Absolutism: state-controlled religion. Constitutionalism: religious freedom.
Compare Absolutism and Constitutionalism: Economy.
Absolutism: agrarian, mercantilist. Constitutionalism: capitalist, industrializing.
Compare Absolutism and Constitutionalism: Society.
Absolutism: rigid hierarchy. Constitutionalism: more egalitarian, social mobility.
Compare the English Civil War and the Fronde.
English Civil War: resulted in a republic and eventual constitutional monarchy. Fronde: strengthened royal authority in France.
Compare the Edict of Nantes and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes.
Edict of Nantes: granted religious toleration. Revocation: ended toleration and led to Huguenot emigration.
Compare the views of Locke and Hobbes on government.
Locke: advocated for natural rights and limited government. Hobbes: believed in absolute sovereignty for social order.
Compare the political systems of France under Louis XIV and England after the Glorious Revolution.
France: absolute monarchy with centralized power. England: constitutional monarchy with limited power and protected rights.
Compare the economic policies of Colbert and Adam Smith.
Colbert: mercantilism, state intervention. Adam Smith: capitalism, free markets.
What was the Age of Absolutism?
A period from the late 16th to late 18th century when monarchs held total power.
What was the Age of Constitutionalism?
A period from the late 18th to 19th century when constitutions limited monarchical power.
What was the Glorious Revolution?
The overthrow of James II of England in 1688, leading to a constitutional monarchy.
Describe the English Civil War.
A series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists in the Kingdom of England.
What was the impact of the English Bill of Rights?
Limited monarchical power and protected individual rights in England.
What was the significance of the Peace of Westphalia?
Ended the Thirty Years' War and established the modern state system.
What was the Fronde?
A series of civil wars in France during the regency of Louis XIV.
What was the Edict of Nantes?
A decree by Henry IV of France granting religious toleration to Protestants.
What was the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes?
Louis XIV's decision to end religious toleration for Protestants in France.
What was the impact of the Enlightenment?
Emphasized reason and individual rights, influencing constitutionalism.
Define Absolutism.
A political system where a single ruler holds supreme authority, unconstrained by laws or institutions.
What is Constitutionalism?
A system of government in which power is distributed and limited by a constitution.
Define Divine Right.
The belief that a monarch's authority comes directly from God.
What is Mercantilism?
An economic policy emphasizing state control of trade and accumulation of wealth.
What is Capitalism?
An economic system based on private ownership, free markets, and profit motive.
Define Social Hierarchy.
A system in which individuals are ranked into different social strata.
What is Egalitarian Society?
A society characterized by equality and minimal social hierarchies.
Define Representative Government.
A system where elected officials represent the people.
What are Checks and Balances?
A system where different branches of government limit each other's power.
Define Natural Rights.
Rights inherent to all humans, such as life, liberty, and property.