All Flashcards
Compare Louis XIV and William of Orange.
Louis XIV: absolute monarch, divine right. William of Orange: constitutional monarch, limited power.
Compare Mercantilism and Capitalism.
Mercantilism: state control, high tariffs. Capitalism: free markets, limited government.
Compare Absolutism and Constitutionalism: Religion.
Absolutism: state-controlled religion. Constitutionalism: religious freedom.
Compare Absolutism and Constitutionalism: Economy.
Absolutism: agrarian, mercantilist. Constitutionalism: capitalist, industrializing.
Compare Absolutism and Constitutionalism: Society.
Absolutism: rigid hierarchy. Constitutionalism: more egalitarian, social mobility.
Compare the English Civil War and the Fronde.
English Civil War: resulted in a republic and eventual constitutional monarchy. Fronde: strengthened royal authority in France.
Compare the Edict of Nantes and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes.
Edict of Nantes: granted religious toleration. Revocation: ended toleration and led to Huguenot emigration.
Compare the views of Locke and Hobbes on government.
Locke: advocated for natural rights and limited government. Hobbes: believed in absolute sovereignty for social order.
Compare the political systems of France under Louis XIV and England after the Glorious Revolution.
France: absolute monarchy with centralized power. England: constitutional monarchy with limited power and protected rights.
Compare the economic policies of Colbert and Adam Smith.
Colbert: mercantilism, state intervention. Adam Smith: capitalism, free markets.
Define Absolutism.
A political system where a single ruler holds supreme authority, unconstrained by laws or institutions.
What is Constitutionalism?
A system of government in which power is distributed and limited by a constitution.
Define Divine Right.
The belief that a monarch's authority comes directly from God.
What is Mercantilism?
An economic policy emphasizing state control of trade and accumulation of wealth.
What is Capitalism?
An economic system based on private ownership, free markets, and profit motive.
Define Social Hierarchy.
A system in which individuals are ranked into different social strata.
What is Egalitarian Society?
A society characterized by equality and minimal social hierarchies.
Define Representative Government.
A system where elected officials represent the people.
What are Checks and Balances?
A system where different branches of government limit each other's power.
Define Natural Rights.
Rights inherent to all humans, such as life, liberty, and property.
Who was Louis XIV?
The absolute monarch of France, known as the 'Sun King'.
Who was Philip II of Spain?
A Spanish king known for religious and political absolutism.
Who was John Locke?
An Enlightenment philosopher who influenced constitutional government and individual rights.
Who was William of Orange?
Led the Glorious Revolution and established a constitutional monarchy in England.
Who was Adam Smith?
A Scottish economist who advocated for free markets and limited government intervention.
Who was Montesquieu?
An Enlightenment thinker who advocated for the separation of powers.
Who was Cardinal Richelieu?
Chief minister of France who centralized power under Louis XIII.
Who was Jean-Baptiste Colbert?
Louis XIV's finance minister who implemented mercantilist policies.
Who was Oliver Cromwell?
The Lord Protector of England who led the Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War.
Who was Frederick the Great?
The King of Prussia known for his military successes and enlightened absolutism.