All Flashcards
Define Enlightenment.
A major turning point challenging traditional authority and sparking new ideas in 18th-century Europe.
What is censorship?
Government and Church control of information to maintain order and protect traditional values.
Define Baroque art.
A dramatic, emotional, and theatrical art style with high contrast and elaborate decor.
What is Neoclassicism?
An art style inspired by ancient Greek and Roman art, focusing on order, reason, and political themes.
Define consumerism in the 18th century.
A rising trend driven by urbanization and a growing middle class who could afford new goods.
What is a salon in the context of the Enlightenment?
Private gatherings where intellectuals shared ideas, often circumventing censorship.
Define traditional authority.
The established power of institutions like the Church and monarchs.
Define pseudonyms.
False names used by intellectuals to publish ideas without facing censorship.
What is urbanization?
The increasing concentration of population in cities, leading to social and economic changes.
Define natural rights.
Rights inherent to all human beings, such as life, liberty, and property, often emphasized during the Enlightenment.
Compare Baroque and Neoclassical art.
Baroque is dramatic, emotional, and ornate, used to convey power. Neoclassical is ordered, reasonable, and simple, inspired by classical antiquity.
Compare upper-class and middle-class leisure activities.
Upper-class leisure included hunting, balls, and visits to country estates. Middle-class leisure included theater, coffeehouses, and sports.
Compare the impact of the Enlightenment on different social classes.
The Enlightenment primarily affected the middle and upper classes, with limited immediate impact on the working poor and many women.
Compare the role of the Church and monarchs in the 18th century.
Both were traditional authorities, but the Church faced challenges from new ideas, while monarchs sought to use them to boost their power.
Compare the artistic styles of Caravaggio and Bernini.
Both were Baroque artists, but Caravaggio focused on dramatic use of light and shadow, while Bernini focused on ornate and emotional sculptures.
Compare the themes of Baroque and Neoclassical art.
Baroque art focused on religious fervor and monarchical power, while Neoclassical art focused on Enlightenment ideals and civic virtue.
Compare the impact of urbanization on the upper and middle classes.
Urbanization led to new leisure activities for both classes, but the middle class benefited more from the rise of consumerism.
Compare the purpose of censorship and the methods used to circumvent it.
Censorship aimed to maintain social order, while intellectuals used pseudonyms and private gatherings to circumvent it.
Compare the characteristics of Baroque and Neoclassical architecture.
Baroque architecture is ornate and dramatic, while Neoclassical architecture is simple and inspired by ancient Greek and Roman designs.
Compare the values reflected in Baroque and Neoclassical art.
Baroque art reflected religious fervor and monarchical power, while Neoclassical art reflected Enlightenment ideals and civic virtue.
Who was Caravaggio?
A key artist of the Baroque period known for dramatic use of light and shadow.
Who was Rembrandt?
A key artist of the Baroque period known for his portraits and use of light.
Who was Gian Lorenzo Bernini?
A key artist of the Baroque period known for his ornate and emotional sculptures.