Define Enlightenment.
A major turning point challenging traditional authority and sparking new ideas in 18th-century Europe.
What is censorship?
Government and Church control of information to maintain order and protect traditional values.
Define Baroque art.
A dramatic, emotional, and theatrical art style with high contrast and elaborate decor.
What is Neoclassicism?
An art style inspired by ancient Greek and Roman art, focusing on order, reason, and political themes.
Define consumerism in the 18th century.
A rising trend driven by urbanization and a growing middle class who could afford new goods.
What is a salon in the context of the Enlightenment?
Private gatherings where intellectuals shared ideas, often circumventing censorship.
Define traditional authority.
The established power of institutions like the Church and monarchs.
Define pseudonyms.
False names used by intellectuals to publish ideas without facing censorship.
What is urbanization?
The increasing concentration of population in cities, leading to social and economic changes.
Define natural rights.
Rights inherent to all human beings, such as life, liberty, and property, often emphasized during the Enlightenment.
What were the causes and effects of Enlightenment ideas?
Causes: Dissatisfaction with traditional authority, the Scientific Revolution. Effects: Challenged social hierarchies, influenced revolutions, promoted reason.
What were the causes and effects of censorship?
Causes: Desire to maintain social order and traditional values. Effects: Intellectuals used pseudonyms, private gatherings, and increased printed materials to circumvent it.
What were the causes and effects of urbanization?
Causes: Economic opportunities, population growth. Effects: Rise of consumerism, new leisure activities, changing social interactions.
What were the causes and effects of Baroque art?
Causes: Religious fervor, monarchical power. Effects: Conveyed power and authority through dramatic and emotional displays.
What were the causes and effects of Neoclassical art?
Causes: Enlightenment ideals, interest in classical antiquity. Effects: Reflected values of order, reason, and civic virtue.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of the middle class?
Causes: Economic changes, urbanization. Effects: Increased consumerism, new leisure activities, changing social dynamics.
What were the causes and effects of new leisure activities?
Causes: Urbanization, economic changes, rising middle class. Effects: New forms of social interaction, changing social norms.
What were the causes and effects of the Scientific Revolution?
Causes: New discoveries, questioning of traditional knowledge. Effects: Challenged traditional authority, influenced the Enlightenment.
What were the causes and effects of monarchs supporting philosophers?
Causes: Desire to boost power and prestige. Effects: Spread of Enlightenment ideas, challenges to traditional authority.
What were the causes and effects of coffeehouses and public gathering spaces?
Causes: Urbanization, desire for social interaction. Effects: Spread of Enlightenment ideas, new forms of social interaction.
What was the impact of increased printed materials?
Newspapers and pamphlets spread information beyond private circles, contributing to public discourse.
What was the effect of urbanization on the working class?
Urbanization led to the emergence of a rising working class.
What was the role of coffeehouses during the Enlightenment?
Coffeehouses served as public gathering spaces where people could discuss ideas and engage in social interactions.
What was the impact of the Enlightenment on women?
Some women began to engage with Enlightenment ideas, advocating for their rights, though many remained unaffected.
What was the purpose of monarchs supporting philosophers?
Monarchs supported philosophers and scientists to boost their own power and prestige.
What was the effect of urbanization on consumerism?
Urbanization contributed to the growth of a consumer economy as more people moved to cities.
What was the effect of the Enlightenment on social hierarchies?
The Enlightenment challenged traditional social hierarchies by emphasizing reason, natural rights, and equality.
What was the role of the Church in the 18th century?
The Church was a traditional authority that faced challenges from new scientific and Enlightenment thinking.
What was the effect of censorship on intellectuals?
Censorship forced intellectuals to use pseudonyms and private gatherings to share ideas.
What was the effect of new scientific ideas?
Although scientific ideas spread, daily life for most people didn't change much immediately.
