Scientific, Philosophical, and Political Developments
Neoclassicism focused on the characteristics of:
Renaissance art.
Ancient classics.
Baroque architecture.
Rococo decor.
What was a significant impact of the Industrial Revolution on 18th-century European society?
Reduction in agricultural productivity
Increase in urban population
Decline in technological innovations
Decrease in factory jobs
Who is considered the "Father of Modern Economics" who wrote "The Wealth of Nations"?
John Locke
Karl Marx
Thomas Hobbes
Adam Smith
Which philosopher argued in favor of separation of powers in governance during the Age of Enlightenment?
Adam Smith
Baron de Montesquieu
Denis Diderot
François-Marie Arouet (Voltaire)
During the 18th century in Europe, censorship was primarily implemented to:
Maintain social order and protect the ruling elite.
Encourage intellectual debates and discussions.
Support the dissemination of new scientific ideas.
Promote freedom of speech and expression.
From a post-colonial perspective, how might one analyze Europe's overseas colonies established during this era?
As cradles for technological innovation and advancement.
As expressions of power dynamics that privileged white Europeans at the expense of colonized peoples’ rights and autonomy.
As symbols of enlightenment reason spreading globally.
As necessary steps towards modernization for colonized regions.
In what way did Rococo art reflect broader socio-political trends in eighteenth-century Europe?
Depicting mythological scenes, it reinforced the importance of established religion amongst the ruling elite.
Using stark realism, artists emphasized the plight of the working class peasants.
Emphasizing geometric precision, it reflected the rise of industrial technology within production processes.
By embodying an aesthetic preference for ornamental excess associated with courtly life prior to revolutions.

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How did the historical situation influence Rousseau's ideas in his 'Social Contract,' which played a significant role in the French Revolution?
It promoted the idea of absolute monarchy.
It advocated for colonial expansion as a means of national wealth.
It highlighted the enlightenment philosophy of popular sovereignty.
It pushed for religious orthodoxy within political systems.
What common theme in 18th-century European culture and arts also manifested itself during the Enlightenment period?
The glorification of monarchs
Rejection of scientific thought
The emphasis on questioning authority and tradition
Increased religious enthusiasm
Who wrote "The Social Contract", a critical work of political philosophy during the Enlightenment?
Montesquieu
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Voltaire
John Locke