All Flashcards
Define Liberty.
Freedom from arbitrary or despotic control; the power to exercise rights.
Define Equality.
The state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.
Define Fraternity.
A sense of common brotherhood and mutual support among people.
What was the Reign of Terror?
A period of extreme violence and fear during the French Revolution, marked by mass executions.
Define Conservatism.
A political philosophy emphasizing tradition, established institutions, and gradual change.
What does 'Radical Break with Tradition' mean?
A sudden and drastic departure from established customs, beliefs, or practices.
Define duties in a political context.
Obligations or responsibilities that individuals owe to society, the government, or other individuals.
Define Rights in a political context.
Moral or legal entitlements that individuals possess, protecting them from certain actions or ensuring certain freedoms.
Define Guerrilla Warfare.
A form of irregular warfare in which small groups of combatants use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military.
What is a Republic?
A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.
Who was Edmund Burke?
A major critic of the French Revolution and an influential conservative thinker.
What was Edmund Burke's view of the French Revolution?
He saw it as a dangerous break from tradition and established order, predicting chaos and tyranny.
Who was Toussaint L'Ouverture?
The leader of the Haitian Revolution, who led a revolt of enslaved people in Saint-Domingue.
What was Toussaint L'Ouverture's inspiration?
He was inspired by Enlightenment ideals and the French Revolution to fight for freedom and equality.
What was Edmund Burke's influence?
His ideas were influential among conservatives and traditionalists in Britain and Europe, solidifying opposition to the French Revolution.
What was Edmund Burke's emphasis?
He criticized the revolution's focus on reason and individualism, arguing it neglected traditional values and emphasized duties over rights.
What was Toussaint L'Ouverture's impact?
He led the enslaved people of Saint-Domingue to successfully declare independence from France in 1804, establishing Haiti as the first black republic.
What was Edmund Burke's prediction?
Burke predicted that the revolution would lead to chaos, tyranny, and destruction of social order.
What was Edmund Burke's belief?
He believed the revolution was misguided in emphasizing rights over duties and responsibilities.
What was Toussaint L'Ouverture's goal?
He aimed to liberate the enslaved population of Saint-Domingue and establish a free and independent nation.
What were the causes and effects of the spread of revolutionary ideas?
Causes: Print media, art, and intellectuals amplified revolutionary messages. Effects: Inspired social and political movements, including the Haitian Revolution.
What were the causes and effects of the Reign of Terror?
Causes: Radical factions vying for power. Effects: Extreme violence, mass executions, and widespread fear.
What were the causes and effects of the conservative backlash to the French Revolution?
Causes: Monarchies feared the spread of revolutionary ideas. Effects: Alliances formed to contain revolution and defend monarchical power; solidified conservative thought.
What were the causes and effects of the Haitian Revolution?
Causes: Enlightenment ideals, French Revolution, and the desire for freedom by enslaved people. Effects: Haiti became the first black republic and inspired other movements for liberation.
What were the causes and effects of Edmund Burke's critique of the French Revolution?
Causes: Burke's belief in tradition and order. Effects: Solidified conservative opposition to the revolution and influenced conservative thought in Europe.
What were the causes and effects of emphasizing rights over duties?
Causes: Revolutionary ideals focusing on individual freedoms. Effects: Criticized by conservatives like Burke, who believed it led to chaos and neglect of social responsibilities.
What were the causes and effects of guerrilla warfare in the Haitian Revolution?
Causes: The enslaved population's need to fight a larger, better-equipped French force. Effects: Prolonged the revolution, inflicted heavy casualties on the French, and ultimately contributed to Haiti's independence.
What were the causes and effects of the French Revolution's violence?
Causes: Internal power struggles and external threats. Effects: Undermined the revolution's ideals, led to the Reign of Terror, and provoked conservative backlash.
What were the causes and effects of the alliance of monarchies against the revolution?
Causes: Fear of revolutionary ideas spreading and threatening monarchical power. Effects: Wars and conflicts aimed at containing the revolution and restoring traditional order.
What were the causes and effects of the Enlightenment?
Causes: Intellectuals questioned traditional authority and emphasized reason and individual rights. Effects: Inspired revolutions, reforms, and new ways of thinking about government and society.