All Flashcards
When was Napoleon's coup d'état?
- It led to Napoleon becoming First Consul.
What was the significance of the Concordat of 1801?
Reconciled the Catholic Church with the French state, but gave the state control over church appointments.
What was the impact of the Napoleonic Code?
Established equality before the law, separated church and state, and guaranteed civil liberties across the French Empire.
When did Napoleon crown himself Emperor?
- Signaled his imperial ambitions and shift towards authoritarian rule.
What was the significance of the Invasion of Russia (1812)?
A disastrous campaign that decimated Napoleon's Grand Army, marking a major turning point in his reign.
What was the War of the Sixth Coalition?
Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain united against Napoleon, leading to his abdication in 1814.
What happened during Napoleon's first exile?
Napoleon was exiled to Elba, and the Bourbon monarchy was restored under King Louis XVIII.
What were the Hundred Days?
Napoleon's brief return to power after escaping from Elba, before his final defeat.
What was the significance of the Battle of Waterloo (1815)?
Napoleon's final defeat, leading to his second abdication and exile to St. Helena.
What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna?
Redrew the political boundaries of Europe and restored pre-revolutionary monarchies, weakening France.
Compare Napoleon's rule with the French Revolution.
Napoleon continued some revolutionary ideals like equality before the law but departed by establishing an authoritarian regime and suppressing dissent.
Compare the causes of Napoleon's rise and fall.
Rise: Military success, political opportunism. Fall: Overextension, resistance from European powers, and economic problems.
Compare the goals of the Congress of Vienna with the ideals of the French Revolution.
Congress of Vienna aimed to restore the balance of power and monarchies, while the French Revolution promoted liberty, equality, and fraternity.
Compare Napoleon's military tactics with those of previous European armies.
Napoleon introduced conscription, created a more efficient army, and established military schools to train officers, leading to greater flexibility and effectiveness.
Compare the impact of the Napoleonic Code with the pre-revolutionary legal system in France.
The Napoleonic Code established equality before the law and protected property rights, while the pre-revolutionary system was characterized by feudal privileges and arbitrary justice.
Compare the effects of the Continental System on Britain and continental Europe.
Britain suffered economically but found new markets, while continental Europe experienced hardship and resentment towards French rule.
Compare Napoleon's first exile to Elba with his second exile to St. Helena.
Elba: He escaped and briefly regained power. St. Helena: Final exile, marking the end of his reign.
Compare the War of the Sixth Coalition with the War of the Seventh Coalition.
Sixth Coalition: Led to Napoleon's first abdication. Seventh Coalition: Resulted in his final defeat at Waterloo.
Compare the roles of Great Britain and Russia in the Napoleonic Wars.
Great Britain: Provided financial support and naval power against Napoleon. Russia: Initially allied but later led the opposition, contributing to Napoleon's downfall.
Compare the long-term effects of Napoleon's rule on France and Europe.
France: Centralized state, legal reforms. Europe: Spread of revolutionary ideals, rise of nationalism, and redrawing of political boundaries.
Define Coup d'état.
A sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government.
What is the Concordat of 1801?
Agreement between Napoleon and the Catholic Church, recognizing Catholicism as the official religion but giving the state control over appointments.
Define Napoleonic Code.
A comprehensive system of laws established by Napoleon that guaranteed equality before the law and protected property rights.
What is conscription?
Mandatory military service, introduced by Napoleon to create a larger and more efficient army.
What was the Continental System?
Napoleon's policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe, intended to weaken Britain's economy.
What is censorship?
The suppression or prohibition of speech or writing that is critical of the government.
Define abdication.
The act of formally relinquishing monarchical authority.
What was the Bourbon Restoration?
The period after Napoleon's first abdication when the Bourbon monarchy was restored in France under King Louis XVIII.
What was the Congress of Vienna?
A conference of European powers that redrew the political boundaries of Europe after Napoleon's defeat.
Define nationalism.
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country.