All Flashcards
What were the causes and effects of Napoleon's early military successes?
Causes: Military talent, revolutionary fervor in the army. Effects: Increased popularity, rise to power, and territorial expansion.
What were the causes and effects of the Napoleonic Code?
Causes: Napoleon's desire for legal reform and centralized control. Effects: Equality before the law, protection of property rights, and influence on legal systems across Europe.
What were the causes and effects of the Continental System?
Causes: Napoleon's attempt to weaken Britain's economy. Effects: Economic hardship in Europe, resentment towards French rule, and ultimately failure to cripple Britain.
What were the causes and effects of the Invasion of Russia (1812)?
Causes: Tsar Alexander I withdrew from the Continental System. Effects: Decimation of the Grand Army, weakening of Napoleon's empire, and a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars.
What were the causes and effects of the Battle of Waterloo?
Causes: Napoleon's escape from Elba and attempt to regain power. Effects: Napoleon's final defeat, second abdication, and exile to St. Helena.
What were the causes and effects of the Congress of Vienna?
Causes: The defeat of Napoleon and the need to restore order in Europe. Effects: Redrawing of political boundaries, restoration of monarchies, and a period of relative peace in Europe.
What were the causes and effects of Napoleon's censorship and secret police?
Causes: Napoleon's desire to maintain control and suppress dissent. Effects: Limited freedom of speech, suppression of political opposition, and an authoritarian regime.
What were the causes and effects of the Peninsular War?
Causes: Napoleon's invasion of Spain and Portugal. Effects: Drain on French resources, rise of Spanish nationalism, and contributed to Napoleon's weakening.
What were the causes and effects of Napoleon's military reforms?
Causes: Napoleon's desire to create a more efficient and effective army. Effects: Increased military success, territorial expansion, and the spread of revolutionary ideals.
What were the causes and effects of the Thermidorian Reaction?
Causes: Dissatisfaction with the Reign of Terror. Effects: Napoleon gained fame by quelling a royalist revolt.
Define Coup d'état.
A sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government.
What is the Concordat of 1801?
Agreement between Napoleon and the Catholic Church, recognizing Catholicism as the official religion but giving the state control over appointments.
Define Napoleonic Code.
A comprehensive system of laws established by Napoleon that guaranteed equality before the law and protected property rights.
What is conscription?
Mandatory military service, introduced by Napoleon to create a larger and more efficient army.
What was the Continental System?
Napoleon's policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe, intended to weaken Britain's economy.
What is censorship?
The suppression or prohibition of speech or writing that is critical of the government.
Define abdication.
The act of formally relinquishing monarchical authority.
What was the Bourbon Restoration?
The period after Napoleon's first abdication when the Bourbon monarchy was restored in France under King Louis XVIII.
What was the Congress of Vienna?
A conference of European powers that redrew the political boundaries of Europe after Napoleon's defeat.
Define nationalism.
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country.
When was Napoleon's coup d'état?
- It led to Napoleon becoming First Consul.
What was the significance of the Concordat of 1801?
Reconciled the Catholic Church with the French state, but gave the state control over church appointments.
What was the impact of the Napoleonic Code?
Established equality before the law, separated church and state, and guaranteed civil liberties across the French Empire.
When did Napoleon crown himself Emperor?
- Signaled his imperial ambitions and shift towards authoritarian rule.
What was the significance of the Invasion of Russia (1812)?
A disastrous campaign that decimated Napoleon's Grand Army, marking a major turning point in his reign.
What was the War of the Sixth Coalition?
Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain united against Napoleon, leading to his abdication in 1814.
What happened during Napoleon's first exile?
Napoleon was exiled to Elba, and the Bourbon monarchy was restored under King Louis XVIII.
What were the Hundred Days?
Napoleon's brief return to power after escaping from Elba, before his final defeat.
What was the significance of the Battle of Waterloo (1815)?
Napoleon's final defeat, leading to his second abdication and exile to St. Helena.
What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna?
Redrew the political boundaries of Europe and restored pre-revolutionary monarchies, weakening France.