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Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Britain.
What key industries were focused on during the First Industrial Revolution?
Textiles, iron, steel, and railroads.
What areas did the Industrial revolution spread to, after Britain?
Parts of France and Belgium.
What was the Irish Potato Famine?
A period of mass starvation and disease in Ireland caused by potato blight.
What was the role of colonial trade in the Industrial Revolution?
Provided capital for investment, especially from the slave trade and sugar.
What role did banks play in the Industrial Revolution?
British banks made capital available to investors.
Why did some areas lag behind in industrialization?
Lack of key resources or primitive agriculture (like serfdom).
What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on production?
It dramatically increased production.
What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on society?
It dramatically altered society.
What was the main source of power during the Industrial Revolution?
Fossil fuels.
What were the causes and effects of Britain's colonial profits?
Cause: Colonial trade (slave trade, sugar). Effect: Provided capital for investment in the Industrial Revolution.
What were the causes and effects of the Irish Potato Famine?
Cause: Potato blight. Effect: Mass starvation, disease, and emigration from Ireland.
What were the causes and effects of mechanization?
Cause: Desire for increased production. Effect: Increased output, factory growth, and social changes.
What were the causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution?
Cause: Capital, resources, and innovation. Effect: Increased production, urbanization, and new social classes.
What were the causes and effects of the availability of capital in Britain?
Cause: Financial institutions and colonial profits. Effect: Investment in new technologies and industries.
What were the causes and effects of the focus on textiles during the Industrial Revolution?
Cause: High demand for clothing. Effect: Development of new machines like the spinning jenny and power loom.
What were the causes and effects of increased iron and steel production?
Cause: Demand for machinery and infrastructure. Effect: Growth of the iron and steel industry, new technologies.
What were the causes and effects of railroad construction?
Cause: Need for efficient transportation. Effect: Economic growth, increased mobility, and infrastructure development.
What were the causes and effects of serfdom?
Cause: Feudal system. Effect: Limited economic development and hindered industrialization in some areas.
What were the causes and effects of fossil fuel use?
Cause: Need for power to run machines. Effect: Increased production, pollution, and climate change.
What is the definition of Industrial Revolution?
Shift from agrarian/handicraft economies to industrial ones using machines, factories, and fossil fuels.
What is mechanization?
The process of using machines to replace human or animal labor.
What is capital?
Money or assets available for investment or production.
What is serfdom?
A system where peasants are bound to the land and under the control of a landlord.
What are fossil fuels?
Fuels formed from the remains of dead organisms, such as coal, oil, and natural gas.
What is colonial trade?
Trade between a colonizing nation and its colonies, often involving raw materials and manufactured goods.
Define textiles.
Cloth or woven fabric.
What is meant by 'agrarian' economy?
An economy based primarily on agriculture and farming.
What is a 'handicraft' economy?
An economy based on goods produced by hand, often in small workshops.
What is meant by 'industrial' economy?
An economy based on the mass production of goods using machinery in factories.