All Flashcards
What were the causes and effects of the Breakdown of the Concert of Europe?
Causes: Emergence of new states, economic ambitions, and nationalism/imperialism. Effects: Disrupted the established power balance and increased tensions among European nations.
What were the causes and effects of the Unification of Italy and Germany?
Causes: Nationalism, desire for unified states. Effects: Reshaped the European political landscape and disrupted the balance of power.
What were the causes and effects of the Development of Global Empires?
Causes: Second Industrial Revolution, technological advancements, and the desire for resources and markets. Effects: Colonization of Africa and other regions, exploitation of resources, and increased rivalries among European powers.
What were the causes and effects of the 1848 Revolutions?
Causes: Nationalism, liberalism, and social unrest. Effects: Adoption of constitutional monarchies and increased nationalistic sentiment.
What were the causes of the Scramble for Africa?
European powers competed to colonize Africa for raw materials, markets, and strategic advantages.
What were the effects of the Scramble for Africa?
The exploitation of African resources and the imposition of European rule.
What were the causes of the Second Industrial Revolution?
New technologies like steel, electricity, and the internal combustion engine transformed industries.
What were the effects of the Second Industrial Revolution?
Improved transportation (railroads, steamships) facilitated global expansion, and transformed industries.
What were the causes of a materialistic worldview in the 19th century?
A growing emphasis on acquiring goods as a sign of power.
What were the effects of a materialistic worldview in the 19th century?
A tension between objective, scientific views and individual expression.
What is the definition of Balance of Power?
Distribution of power among European nations, maintained through military, diplomatic, and economic influence to prevent any single nation from dominating the continent.
What is the definition of Realpolitik?
Politics based on practical considerations rather than ideology, famously employed by Otto von Bismarck.
What is the definition of Nationalism?
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country, often leading to a desire for national unity and independence.
What is the definition of Imperialism?
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.
What was the Concert of Europe?
A system of alliances and diplomacy created after the Napoleonic Wars to maintain peace in Europe.
Define the Second Industrial Revolution.
A period of rapid industrialization in the late 19th century characterized by new technologies like steel, electricity, and the internal combustion engine.
What was the Scramble for Africa?
The rapid colonization of the African continent by European powers in the late 19th century.
Define Materialism (19th Century Context).
A growing emphasis on acquiring goods as a sign of power and status.
What is a constitutional monarchy?
A form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a written or unwritten constitution.
What is meant by 'artistic conflict' in the 19th century?
The tension between objective, scientific views and individual expression, reflected in music and paintings of the era.
Who was Count Camillo di Cavour?
Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, he played a crucial role in unifying Italy through diplomacy and strategic alliances.
Who was Otto von Bismarck?
Prime Minister of Prussia and later Chancellor of Germany, he unified Germany through Realpolitik and strategic wars.
Who was a major figure in the Expedition of the Thousand?
Giuseppe Garibaldi and his forces helped unite the Italian peninsula.