Who was Count Camillo di Cavour?
Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, he played a crucial role in unifying Italy through diplomacy and strategic alliances.
Who was Otto von Bismarck?
Prime Minister of Prussia and later Chancellor of Germany, he unified Germany through *Realpolitik* and strategic wars.
Who was a major figure in the Expedition of the Thousand?
Giuseppe Garibaldi and his forces helped unite the Italian peninsula.
What happened during the Unification of Italy?
Led by Count Camillo di Cavour, Italy unified through diplomacy and war, creating a new nation-state in 1861.
What happened during the Unification of Germany?
Led by Otto von Bismarck, Germany unified through Realpolitik and strategic wars, creating a new nation-state in 1871.
What was the significance of the Berlin Conference (1884-1885)?
Formalized the division of Africa among European powers, marking a key event in the Scramble for Africa.
What was the impact of the 1848 Revolutions?
Led to the adoption of constitutional monarchies and increased nationalistic sentiment across Europe.
What was the Austro-Sardinian War?
A key event in the Italian Unification, where Cavour used diplomacy and war to unite the Italian peninsula.
What was the Expedition of the Thousand?
A key event in the Italian Unification, where Garibaldi and his forces helped unite the Italian peninsula.
What was the Austro-Prussian War?
A key event in the German Unification, where Bismarck used Realpolitik and strategic wars to unify the German states.
What was the Franco-Prussian War?
A key event in the German Unification, where Bismarck used Realpolitik and strategic wars to unify the German states.
What was the main outcome of the Second Industrial Revolution?
New technologies like steel, electricity, and the internal combustion engine transformed industries and facilitated global expansion.
What was the impact of railroads and steamships in the 19th century?
Improved transportation facilitated global expansion and trade during the Second Industrial Revolution.
What is the definition of Balance of Power?
Distribution of power among European nations, maintained through military, diplomatic, and economic influence to prevent any single nation from dominating the continent.
What is the definition of Realpolitik?
Politics based on practical considerations rather than ideology, famously employed by Otto von Bismarck.
What is the definition of Nationalism?
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country, often leading to a desire for national unity and independence.
What is the definition of Imperialism?
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.
What was the Concert of Europe?
A system of alliances and diplomacy created after the Napoleonic Wars to maintain peace in Europe.
Define the Second Industrial Revolution.
A period of rapid industrialization in the late 19th century characterized by new technologies like steel, electricity, and the internal combustion engine.
What was the Scramble for Africa?
The rapid colonization of the African continent by European powers in the late 19th century.
Define Materialism (19th Century Context).
A growing emphasis on acquiring goods as a sign of power and status.
What is a constitutional monarchy?
A form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a written or unwritten constitution.
What is meant by 'artistic conflict' in the 19th century?
The tension between objective, scientific views and individual expression, reflected in music and paintings of the era.
