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Compare Realism and Naturalism.
Both focus on depicting the world as it is, but Naturalism extends Realism by emphasizing scientific observation and the impact of environment and heredity.
Compare Realism and Romanticism.
Realism is a reaction against Romanticism; Realism focuses on the unidealized, while Romanticism focuses on idealized and emotional portrayals.
Compare Nietzsche's and Freud's impact.
Nietzsche challenged rationality, emphasizing emotion. Freud explored the irrational subconscious. Both undermined Enlightenment ideals.
Compare Newtonian physics and Quantum Mechanics.
Newtonian physics presented an objective view of nature, while Quantum Mechanics introduced uncertainty and the observer's role.
Compare Realism and Modernism.
Realism aimed to show the world as it is, while Modernism broke with tradition and explored inner experiences.
Compare the focus of Realist and Modernist art.
Realist art focused on everyday scenes, while Modernist art focused on inner experiences and societal problems.
Compare the views of Nietzsche and Freud on rationality.
Nietzsche criticized the overemphasis on rationality, while Freud explored the irrational forces of the subconscious.
Compare the impact of Realism and Naturalism on literature.
Realism led to depictions of harsh realities, while Naturalism explored the impact of environment and heredity on characters.
Compare the goals of Realism and Naturalism.
Realism aimed to show the world as it actually is, while Naturalism aimed to use scientific methods to understand human behavior.
Compare the traditional views of rationality and the views of Nietzsche and Freud.
Traditional views emphasized reason and logic, while Nietzsche and Freud challenged this by highlighting emotion and the subconscious.
What were the causes and effects of Realism?
Cause: Reaction against Romanticism's idealization. Effect: Focus on the gritty, unidealized aspects of life.
What were the causes and effects of Naturalism?
Cause: Extension of Realism, emphasis on scientific observation. Effect: Belief that environment and heredity determine human behavior.
What were the causes and effects of Modernism?
Cause: Loss of confidence in objectivity, rejection of traditional norms. Effect: Focus on innovation, inner experiences, and societal problems.
What was the impact of Nietzsche's philosophy?
Challenged the Enlightenment’s emphasis on reason and inspired new ways of thinking about human potential.
What was the impact of Freud's theories?
Revolutionized psychology by introducing the concept of the subconscious and its influence on behavior.
What was the impact of Quantum Mechanics and Relativity?
Introduced the concept of uncertainty and the observer's role in experiments, challenging objective science.
What was the effect of Realism on art?
Art began to depict everyday scenes with accuracy and detail, even if those scenes were unpleasant.
What was the effect of Naturalism on literature?
Literature explored the impact of environment and heredity on human behavior.
What was the effect of Modernism on art and literature?
Art and literature broke with traditional forms and explored inner experiences and societal problems.
What was the effect of Nietzsche's ideas on society?
Society began to question the sole emphasis on rationality and consider the importance of emotion and heroism.
Who was Emile Zola?
A Realist writer known for depicting the harsh realities of alcoholism, prostitution, and labor issues.
Who was Friedrich Nietzsche?
A philosopher who argued that humans need more than just rationality, including heroism, emotion, and artistic expression.
Who was Sigmund Freud?
The founder of psychoanalysis, known for his theories on the subconscious and its influence on behavior.
What is Nietzsche known for?
Challenging the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason and advocating for embracing emotion and heroism.
What is Freud known for?
Revolutionizing psychology by introducing the concept of the subconscious and its influence on behavior.
What was Emile Zola known for?
Writing about the harsh realities of alcoholism, prostitution, and labor issues.
What did Realist artists focus on?
Depicting everyday scenes with accuracy and detail, even if unpleasant.
What did Naturalist thinkers emphasize?
The role of environment and heredity in determining human behavior.
What was a key focus of Modernist artists?
Inner experiences, war, loneliness, and economic hardship.
What did Nietzsche believe about rationality?
That focusing solely on rationality robs humans of their full potential.