All Flashcards
Compare Realism and Naturalism.
Both focus on depicting the world as it is, but Naturalism extends Realism by emphasizing scientific observation and the impact of environment and heredity.
Compare Realism and Romanticism.
Realism is a reaction against Romanticism; Realism focuses on the unidealized, while Romanticism focuses on idealized and emotional portrayals.
Compare Nietzsche's and Freud's impact.
Nietzsche challenged rationality, emphasizing emotion. Freud explored the irrational subconscious. Both undermined Enlightenment ideals.
Compare Newtonian physics and Quantum Mechanics.
Newtonian physics presented an objective view of nature, while Quantum Mechanics introduced uncertainty and the observer's role.
Compare Realism and Modernism.
Realism aimed to show the world as it is, while Modernism broke with tradition and explored inner experiences.
Compare the focus of Realist and Modernist art.
Realist art focused on everyday scenes, while Modernist art focused on inner experiences and societal problems.
Compare the views of Nietzsche and Freud on rationality.
Nietzsche criticized the overemphasis on rationality, while Freud explored the irrational forces of the subconscious.
Compare the impact of Realism and Naturalism on literature.
Realism led to depictions of harsh realities, while Naturalism explored the impact of environment and heredity on characters.
Compare the goals of Realism and Naturalism.
Realism aimed to show the world as it actually is, while Naturalism aimed to use scientific methods to understand human behavior.
Compare the traditional views of rationality and the views of Nietzsche and Freud.
Traditional views emphasized reason and logic, while Nietzsche and Freud challenged this by highlighting emotion and the subconscious.
What is Realism?
A reaction against Romanticism, focusing on the unidealized aspects of life.
What is Naturalism?
An extension of Realism, emphasizing scientific observation and the impact of environment and heredity.
What is Modernism?
A rejection of traditional norms and a focus on innovation and experimentation, reflecting a loss of confidence in objective knowledge.
Define 'subconscious'.
The part of the mind containing feelings and thoughts we are not fully aware of, influencing behavior.
What is Quantum Mechanics?
A theory in physics that challenges the idea of science providing an objective description of reality.
What is the Theory of Relativity?
Einstein's theory that challenged Newtonian physics, introducing new concepts of space, time, and gravity.
Define rationality.
The quality of being based on or in accordance with reason or logic.
Define objectivity.
The quality of being objective; not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.
What is meant by 'breaking with tradition'?
Rejecting established norms, customs, and practices in favor of innovation and change.
What is meant by 'scientific observation'?
The careful and systematic observation of phenomena using scientific methods to gather data and draw conclusions.
What were the causes and effects of Realism?
Cause: Reaction against Romanticism's idealization. Effect: Focus on the gritty, unidealized aspects of life.
What were the causes and effects of Naturalism?
Cause: Extension of Realism, emphasis on scientific observation. Effect: Belief that environment and heredity determine human behavior.
What were the causes and effects of Modernism?
Cause: Loss of confidence in objectivity, rejection of traditional norms. Effect: Focus on innovation, inner experiences, and societal problems.
What was the impact of Nietzsche's philosophy?
Challenged the Enlightenment’s emphasis on reason and inspired new ways of thinking about human potential.
What was the impact of Freud's theories?
Revolutionized psychology by introducing the concept of the subconscious and its influence on behavior.
What was the impact of Quantum Mechanics and Relativity?
Introduced the concept of uncertainty and the observer's role in experiments, challenging objective science.
What was the effect of Realism on art?
Art began to depict everyday scenes with accuracy and detail, even if those scenes were unpleasant.
What was the effect of Naturalism on literature?
Literature explored the impact of environment and heredity on human behavior.
What was the effect of Modernism on art and literature?
Art and literature broke with traditional forms and explored inner experiences and societal problems.
What was the effect of Nietzsche's ideas on society?
Society began to question the sole emphasis on rationality and consider the importance of emotion and heroism.