Revise later
SpaceTo flip
If confident
All Flashcards
What were the causes and effects of Realism?
Cause: Reaction against Romanticism's idealization. Effect: Focus on the gritty, unidealized aspects of life.
What were the causes and effects of Naturalism?
Cause: Extension of Realism, emphasis on scientific observation. Effect: Belief that environment and heredity determine human behavior.
What were the causes and effects of Modernism?
Cause: Loss of confidence in objectivity, rejection of traditional norms. Effect: Focus on innovation, inner experiences, and societal problems.
What was the impact of Nietzsche's philosophy?
Challenged the Enlightenment’s emphasis on reason and inspired new ways of thinking about human potential.
What was the impact of Freud's theories?
Revolutionized psychology by introducing the concept of the subconscious and its influence on behavior.
What was the impact of Quantum Mechanics and Relativity?
Introduced the concept of uncertainty and the observer's role in experiments, challenging objective science.
What was the effect of Realism on art?
Art began to depict everyday scenes with accuracy and detail, even if those scenes were unpleasant.
What was the effect of Naturalism on literature?
Literature explored the impact of environment and heredity on human behavior.
What was the effect of Modernism on art and literature?
Art and literature broke with traditional forms and explored inner experiences and societal problems.
What was the effect of Nietzsche's ideas on society?
Society began to question the sole emphasis on rationality and consider the importance of emotion and heroism.
What is Realism?
A reaction against Romanticism, focusing on the unidealized aspects of life.
What is Naturalism?
An extension of Realism, emphasizing scientific observation and the impact of environment and heredity.
What is Modernism?
A rejection of traditional norms and a focus on innovation and experimentation, reflecting a loss of confidence in objective knowledge.
Define 'subconscious'.
The part of the mind containing feelings and thoughts we are not fully aware of, influencing behavior.
What is Quantum Mechanics?
A theory in physics that challenges the idea of science providing an objective description of reality.
What is the Theory of Relativity?
Einstein's theory that challenged Newtonian physics, introducing new concepts of space, time, and gravity.
Define rationality.
The quality of being based on or in accordance with reason or logic.
Define objectivity.
The quality of being objective; not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.
What is meant by 'breaking with tradition'?
Rejecting established norms, customs, and practices in favor of innovation and change.
What is meant by 'scientific observation'?
The careful and systematic observation of phenomena using scientific methods to gather data and draw conclusions.
Who was Emile Zola?
A Realist writer known for depicting the harsh realities of alcoholism, prostitution, and labor issues.
Who was Friedrich Nietzsche?
A philosopher who argued that humans need more than just rationality, including heroism, emotion, and artistic expression.
Who was Sigmund Freud?
The founder of psychoanalysis, known for his theories on the subconscious and its influence on behavior.
What is Nietzsche known for?
Challenging the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason and advocating for embracing emotion and heroism.
What is Freud known for?
Revolutionizing psychology by introducing the concept of the subconscious and its influence on behavior.
What was Emile Zola known for?
Writing about the harsh realities of alcoholism, prostitution, and labor issues.
What did Realist artists focus on?
Depicting everyday scenes with accuracy and detail, even if unpleasant.
What did Naturalist thinkers emphasize?
The role of environment and heredity in determining human behavior.
What was a key focus of Modernist artists?
Inner experiences, war, loneliness, and economic hardship.
What did Nietzsche believe about rationality?
That focusing solely on rationality robs humans of their full potential.