The Age of Progress and Modernity
Hannah Hill
7 min read
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#AP European History: Philosophical Approaches - Your Night-Before Guide 🚀
Hey there, future AP Euro master! Let's break down these philosophical movements so you're ready to rock the exam. Remember, it's all about understanding the big picture and how these ideas connect. Let's dive in!
#19th-Century Shifts in Thought
#Realism: No More Rose-Colored Glasses
- What it is: A reaction against Romanticism, focusing on the gritty, unidealized aspects of life. Think of it as the “warts-and-all” movement. 🎭
- Key Idea: Show the world as it actually is, not how we wish it were.
- Example:
Emile Zola wrote about the harsh realities of alcoholism, prostitution, and labor issues.
* **Image Caption:** Realist art often depicted everyday scenes with a focus on accuracy and detail, even if those scenes were unpleasant.
#Naturalism: Science to the Rescue (or not?)
- What it is: An extension of Realism, emphasizing scientific observation and objectivity. They wanted to strip away the romanticized illusions of middle-class life. 🔬
- Key Idea: Use scientific methods to understand human behavior and society.
They believed that environment and heredity are the key determinants of human behavior.
#Modernism: Breaking with the Past
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What it is: A rejection of traditional norms and a focus on innovation and experimentation. It's like saying, “Okay, the old ways are done; let's try something new!” 💡
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Key Idea: A loss of confidence in the objectivity of knowledge led to a self-conscious break with traditional thinking.
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Focus: Inner experiences, war, loneliness, and economic hardship.
**Mnemoni...
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