All Flashcards
Compare the February and October Revolutions.
February: Overthrow of Tsar, Provisional Government. October: Bolshevik takeover, communist state.
Compare the Red Army and White Army.
Red Army: Bolsheviks, supported revolution. White Army: Monarchists/liberals, opposed revolution, supported by foreign powers.
Compare the Tsarist regime and the Provisional Government.
Tsarist regime: Autocratic, resisted reform. Provisional Government: Intended to be democratic, weak and ineffective.
Compare Lenin's approach to communism with traditional Marxism.
Lenin emphasized a vanguard party and adapted Marxist principles to the agrarian Russian society.
Compare the social and economic conditions before and after the revolution.
Before: Inequality, poverty, war weariness. After: Some improvements in equality, but also widespread famine and political repression.
Compare the goals of the Bolsheviks and the Provisional Government.
Bolsheviks: Establish a communist state. Provisional Government: Establish a democratic republic.
Compare the NEP with strict communism.
NEP: Some free-market principles. Strict communism: State control of all aspects of the economy.
Compare the impact of WWI and the Civil War on the Russian economy.
Both devastated the Russian economy, but the Civil War led to even greater destruction and famine.
Compare the leadership styles of Tsar Nicholas II and Vladimir Lenin.
Tsar Nicholas II: Autocratic and indecisive. Vladimir Lenin: Charismatic and ruthless.
Compare the roles of workers and peasants in the February and October Revolutions.
Both played a key role in both revolutions, but the Bolsheviks were more successful in mobilizing their support.
What is Socialism?
Arose from Industrial Revolution inequalities; advocates for collective ownership and fair wealth distribution.
What is the Bolshevik Party?
Led by Lenin, a Marxist revolutionary; supported by Germany to destabilize Russia during WWI.
What is the Provisional Government?
Established by the Duma after the February Revolution, intended to govern Russia temporarily.
What is the Red Army?
The Bolshevik army during the Russian Civil War.
What is the White Army?
A coalition of monarchists, liberals, and other anti-Bolshevik factions during the Russian Civil War, supported by foreign powers.
What is the New Economic Policy (NEP)?
Introduced by Lenin to improve economic performance; combined some free-market principles with communist ideology.
What is meant by 'dictatorship of the proletariat'?
A Marxist concept referring to a state where the working class holds political power.
Define Autocratic Rule.
A system of government where one person possesses unlimited power.
What is meant by 'War Weariness'?
A feeling of fatigue, disillusionment, and discontent caused by prolonged involvement in war.
What is meant by 'Marxist-Leninist theory'?
A political ideology combining Marxist principles with Lenin's adaptations, emphasizing a vanguard party and the dictatorship of the proletariat.
What were the causes and effects of Industrialization in Russia?
Causes: Desire to modernize, Effects: Uneven development, widespread unemployment, large working class.
What were the causes and effects of the February Revolution?
Causes: Food shortages, war weariness, Tsar's incompetence. Effects: Abdication of Tsar, establishment of Provisional Government.
What were the causes and effects of the October Revolution?
Causes: Bolsheviks' desire for power, weakness of Provisional Government. Effects: Bolshevik takeover, establishment of communist state.
What were the causes and effects of the Russian Civil War?
Causes: Opposition to Bolshevik rule, desire to restore monarchy. Effects: Red Army victory, establishment of Soviet Union, millions of casualties.
What were the causes and effects of World War I on Russia?
Causes: Russia's alliance obligations, imperial ambitions. Effects: Drained resources, fueled discontent, contributed to revolution.
What were the causes and effects of the NEP?
Causes: Economic devastation after the Civil War, need to revitalize the economy. Effects: Some economic recovery, temporary retreat from strict communism.
What were the causes of political stagnation in Russia?
Autocratic rule of the Tsar and lack of political reform and representation.
What were the effects of the Bolshevik takeover?
Establishment of a dictatorship of the proletariat based on Marxist-Leninist theory.
What were the causes of food shortages during the February Revolution?
Inefficient agricultural practices, disruption of supply chains due to WWI, and government mismanagement.
What were the effects of the Red Army's victory in the Civil War?
Consolidation of Bolshevik power, establishment of the Soviet Union, and suppression of political opposition.