All Flashcards
Who was Tsar Nicholas II?
The last Tsar of Russia; his autocratic rule and incompetence contributed to the revolution.
Who was Vladimir Lenin?
Leader of the Bolshevik Party; played a key role in the October Revolution and the establishment of the Soviet Union.
What was Lenin's role in the October Revolution?
He led the Bolsheviks in overthrowing the Provisional Government and establishing a communist state.
What was Lenin's role in the Russian Civil War?
He led the Bolsheviks to victory, consolidating their power and establishing the Soviet Union.
What was Lenin's role in the NEP?
He introduced the New Economic Policy to revitalize the Soviet economy after the Civil War.
What was the significance of Tsar Nicholas II's rule?
His autocratic rule, resistance to reform, and involvement in costly wars fueled discontent and contributed to the revolution.
What was the significance of Lenin's leadership?
He successfully led the Bolsheviks to power and established the first communist state, shaping the course of the 20th century.
How did Lenin adapt Marxist theory to the Russian context?
He emphasized the role of a vanguard party of professional revolutionaries and adapted Marxist principles to the agrarian Russian society.
What was the impact of Lenin's ideology on the Soviet Union?
His Marxist-Leninist ideology shaped the political, economic, and social structures of the Soviet Union for decades.
How did Lenin consolidate Bolshevik power after the revolution?
He used force, propaganda, and political maneuvering to eliminate opposition and establish a one-party state.
Compare the February and October Revolutions.
February: Overthrow of Tsar, Provisional Government. October: Bolshevik takeover, communist state.
Compare the Red Army and White Army.
Red Army: Bolsheviks, supported revolution. White Army: Monarchists/liberals, opposed revolution, supported by foreign powers.
Compare the Tsarist regime and the Provisional Government.
Tsarist regime: Autocratic, resisted reform. Provisional Government: Intended to be democratic, weak and ineffective.
Compare Lenin's approach to communism with traditional Marxism.
Lenin emphasized a vanguard party and adapted Marxist principles to the agrarian Russian society.
Compare the social and economic conditions before and after the revolution.
Before: Inequality, poverty, war weariness. After: Some improvements in equality, but also widespread famine and political repression.
Compare the goals of the Bolsheviks and the Provisional Government.
Bolsheviks: Establish a communist state. Provisional Government: Establish a democratic republic.
Compare the NEP with strict communism.
NEP: Some free-market principles. Strict communism: State control of all aspects of the economy.
Compare the impact of WWI and the Civil War on the Russian economy.
Both devastated the Russian economy, but the Civil War led to even greater destruction and famine.
Compare the leadership styles of Tsar Nicholas II and Vladimir Lenin.
Tsar Nicholas II: Autocratic and indecisive. Vladimir Lenin: Charismatic and ruthless.
Compare the roles of workers and peasants in the February and October Revolutions.
Both played a key role in both revolutions, but the Bolsheviks were more successful in mobilizing their support.
What were the causes and effects of Industrialization in Russia?
Causes: Desire to modernize, Effects: Uneven development, widespread unemployment, large working class.
What were the causes and effects of the February Revolution?
Causes: Food shortages, war weariness, Tsar's incompetence. Effects: Abdication of Tsar, establishment of Provisional Government.
What were the causes and effects of the October Revolution?
Causes: Bolsheviks' desire for power, weakness of Provisional Government. Effects: Bolshevik takeover, establishment of communist state.
What were the causes and effects of the Russian Civil War?
Causes: Opposition to Bolshevik rule, desire to restore monarchy. Effects: Red Army victory, establishment of Soviet Union, millions of casualties.
What were the causes and effects of World War I on Russia?
Causes: Russia's alliance obligations, imperial ambitions. Effects: Drained resources, fueled discontent, contributed to revolution.
What were the causes and effects of the NEP?
Causes: Economic devastation after the Civil War, need to revitalize the economy. Effects: Some economic recovery, temporary retreat from strict communism.
What were the causes of political stagnation in Russia?
Autocratic rule of the Tsar and lack of political reform and representation.
What were the effects of the Bolshevik takeover?
Establishment of a dictatorship of the proletariat based on Marxist-Leninist theory.
What were the causes of food shortages during the February Revolution?
Inefficient agricultural practices, disruption of supply chains due to WWI, and government mismanagement.
What were the effects of the Red Army's victory in the Civil War?
Consolidation of Bolshevik power, establishment of the Soviet Union, and suppression of political opposition.