A meeting of Allied victors to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers after World War I, leading to the Treaty of Versailles.

The peace treaty that officially ended World War I between the Allied Powers and Germany, imposing harsh terms on Germany.

It forced Germany to accept full responsibility for WWI, leading to resentment and economic hardship.

To promote international cooperation and prevent future wars, but was weakened by the absence of key powers like the U.S.

It redistributed former colonies, often ignoring local desires, and laid the groundwork for future conflicts in those regions.

The Treaty severely restricted the size and capabilities of the German military, aiming to prevent future aggression.

Germany lost territories in Europe and overseas, including Alsace-Lorraine, parts of Poland, and its African colonies.

Germany faced heavy reparations payments, leading to hyperinflation and economic instability in the 1920s.

The Treaty led to the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the creation of new nation-states.

The Treaty led to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of new states in the Middle East, often under European mandates.

Cause: Allied desire to hold Germany accountable. Effect: German resentment, economic hardship, and political instability.

Cause: Desire to redraw borders based on nationality. Effect: Creation of new states, displacement of populations, and ethnic tensions.

Cause: Desire to prevent future wars through international cooperation. Effect: Limited success due to lack of enforcement power and key members.

Cause: Desire to administer former colonies of defeated powers. Effect: Continued colonial control, resentment from local populations, and future conflicts.

Cause: Excessive printing of money to pay reparations. Effect: Economic collapse, social unrest, and loss of confidence in the government.

Cause: Desire to prevent German rearmament. Effect: German resentment, secret rearmament efforts, and eventual violation of the treaty.

Cause: Italy's failure to gain all promised territories. Effect: Rise of nationalism and support for fascist ideology.

Cause: Desire to dismantle the empire. Effect: Creation of new states, ethnic tensions, and economic instability in the region.

Cause: Desire to dismantle the empire. Effect: Creation of new states, European mandates, and future conflicts in the Middle East.

Cause: Disillusionment with European affairs and desire to focus on domestic issues. Effect: Weakened League of Nations and contributed to global instability.

An approach to international relations that emphasizes cooperation, ethics, and shared values to achieve peace and global well-being.

A political philosophy focused on practical considerations of power and national interest rather than idealistic notions or moral principles.

Payments made by a defeated nation to compensate for war damages or injuries.

The principle that people of a given territory or region should have the right to freely determine their own political status and government.

Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles, which forced Germany to accept full responsibility for causing World War I.

A system established by the League of Nations to administer former colonies of the defeated powers on a temporary basis, with the intention of eventual independence.

A system where multiple nations agree to act together to deter or respond to aggression by any one nation against any member of the collective.

A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of foreign countries.

A diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict.

The reduction or removal of military forces or equipment from a specific area or territory.