All Flashcards
Who was Woodrow Wilson?
President of the United States during WWI, advocated for the Fourteen Points and the League of Nations.
Who was David Lloyd George?
Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWI, sought to balance idealism with British interests at the Paris Peace Conference.
Who was Georges Clemenceau?
Prime Minister of France during WWI, aimed to severely punish Germany and ensure French security at the Paris Peace Conference.
Who was Vittorio Orlando?
Prime Minister of Italy during WWI, sought territorial gains for Italy at the Paris Peace Conference.
What was Wilson's vision for post-war peace?
Wilson envisioned a world based on self-determination, open diplomacy, and collective security through the League of Nations.
What was Clemenceau's primary goal at Versailles?
Clemenceau aimed to weaken Germany permanently to prevent future aggression against France.
What was Lloyd George's position on reparations?
Lloyd George initially supported harsh reparations but later recognized the need for Germany's economic recovery.
What territories did Orlando want for Italy?
Orlando sought territories promised to Italy in the secret Treaty of London, including parts of Austria-Hungary.
What was the impact of Wilson's idealism?
Wilson's idealism influenced the peace process but was often compromised by the competing interests of other nations.
What was the impact of Clemenceau's demands?
Clemenceau's demands led to harsh terms for Germany, contributing to resentment and instability in the interwar period.
Causes and effects of the War Guilt Clause?
Cause: Allied desire to hold Germany accountable. Effect: German resentment, economic hardship, and political instability.
Causes and effects of the Treaty's territorial changes?
Cause: Desire to redraw borders based on nationality. Effect: Creation of new states, displacement of populations, and ethnic tensions.
Causes and effects of the League of Nations' formation?
Cause: Desire to prevent future wars through international cooperation. Effect: Limited success due to lack of enforcement power and key members.
Causes and effects of the mandate system?
Cause: Desire to administer former colonies of defeated powers. Effect: Continued colonial control, resentment from local populations, and future conflicts.
Causes and effects of German hyperinflation?
Cause: Excessive printing of money to pay reparations. Effect: Economic collapse, social unrest, and loss of confidence in the government.
Causes and effects of the Treaty's disarmament clauses?
Cause: Desire to prevent German rearmament. Effect: German resentment, secret rearmament efforts, and eventual violation of the treaty.
Causes and effects of Italian dissatisfaction with the Treaty?
Cause: Italy's failure to gain all promised territories. Effect: Rise of nationalism and support for fascist ideology.
Causes and effects of the Treaty's impact on Austria-Hungary?
Cause: Desire to dismantle the empire. Effect: Creation of new states, ethnic tensions, and economic instability in the region.
Causes and effects of the Treaty's impact on the Ottoman Empire?
Cause: Desire to dismantle the empire. Effect: Creation of new states, European mandates, and future conflicts in the Middle East.
Causes and effects of American isolationism after WWI?
Cause: Disillusionment with European affairs and desire to focus on domestic issues. Effect: Weakened League of Nations and contributed to global instability.
What was the Paris Peace Conference?
A meeting of Allied victors to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers after World War I, leading to the Treaty of Versailles.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The peace treaty that officially ended World War I between the Allied Powers and Germany, imposing harsh terms on Germany.
What was the impact of the 'War Guilt' Clause?
It forced Germany to accept full responsibility for WWI, leading to resentment and economic hardship.
What was the aim of the League of Nations?
To promote international cooperation and prevent future wars, but was weakened by the absence of key powers like the U.S.
What was the impact of the mandate system?
It redistributed former colonies, often ignoring local desires, and laid the groundwork for future conflicts in those regions.
What was the impact of the Treaty on Germany's military?
The Treaty severely restricted the size and capabilities of the German military, aiming to prevent future aggression.
What territories did Germany lose under the Treaty?
Germany lost territories in Europe and overseas, including Alsace-Lorraine, parts of Poland, and its African colonies.
What were the economic consequences for Germany?
Germany faced heavy reparations payments, leading to hyperinflation and economic instability in the 1920s.
What was the impact of the Treaty on Austria-Hungary?
The Treaty led to the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the creation of new nation-states.
What was the impact of the Treaty on the Ottoman Empire?
The Treaty led to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of new states in the Middle East, often under European mandates.