President of the United States during WWI, advocated for the Fourteen Points and the League of Nations.

Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWI, sought to balance idealism with British interests at the Paris Peace Conference.

Prime Minister of France during WWI, aimed to severely punish Germany and ensure French security at the Paris Peace Conference.

Prime Minister of Italy during WWI, sought territorial gains for Italy at the Paris Peace Conference.

Wilson envisioned a world based on self-determination, open diplomacy, and collective security through the League of Nations.

Clemenceau aimed to weaken Germany permanently to prevent future aggression against France.

Lloyd George initially supported harsh reparations but later recognized the need for Germany's economic recovery.

Orlando sought territories promised to Italy in the secret Treaty of London, including parts of Austria-Hungary.

Wilson's idealism influenced the peace process but was often compromised by the competing interests of other nations.

Clemenceau's demands led to harsh terms for Germany, contributing to resentment and instability in the interwar period.

Cause: Allied desire to hold Germany accountable. Effect: German resentment, economic hardship, and political instability.

Cause: Desire to redraw borders based on nationality. Effect: Creation of new states, displacement of populations, and ethnic tensions.

Cause: Desire to prevent future wars through international cooperation. Effect: Limited success due to lack of enforcement power and key members.

Cause: Desire to administer former colonies of defeated powers. Effect: Continued colonial control, resentment from local populations, and future conflicts.

Cause: Excessive printing of money to pay reparations. Effect: Economic collapse, social unrest, and loss of confidence in the government.

Cause: Desire to prevent German rearmament. Effect: German resentment, secret rearmament efforts, and eventual violation of the treaty.

Cause: Italy's failure to gain all promised territories. Effect: Rise of nationalism and support for fascist ideology.

Cause: Desire to dismantle the empire. Effect: Creation of new states, ethnic tensions, and economic instability in the region.

Cause: Desire to dismantle the empire. Effect: Creation of new states, European mandates, and future conflicts in the Middle East.

Cause: Disillusionment with European affairs and desire to focus on domestic issues. Effect: Weakened League of Nations and contributed to global instability.

An approach to international relations that emphasizes cooperation, ethics, and shared values to achieve peace and global well-being.

A political philosophy focused on practical considerations of power and national interest rather than idealistic notions or moral principles.

Payments made by a defeated nation to compensate for war damages or injuries.

The principle that people of a given territory or region should have the right to freely determine their own political status and government.

Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles, which forced Germany to accept full responsibility for causing World War I.

A system established by the League of Nations to administer former colonies of the defeated powers on a temporary basis, with the intention of eventual independence.

A system where multiple nations agree to act together to deter or respond to aggression by any one nation against any member of the collective.

A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of foreign countries.

A diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict.

The reduction or removal of military forces or equipment from a specific area or territory.