All Flashcards
What was the Paris Peace Conference?
A meeting of Allied victors to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers after World War I, leading to the Treaty of Versailles.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The peace treaty that officially ended World War I between the Allied Powers and Germany, imposing harsh terms on Germany.
What was the impact of the 'War Guilt' Clause?
It forced Germany to accept full responsibility for WWI, leading to resentment and economic hardship.
What was the aim of the League of Nations?
To promote international cooperation and prevent future wars, but was weakened by the absence of key powers like the U.S.
What was the impact of the mandate system?
It redistributed former colonies, often ignoring local desires, and laid the groundwork for future conflicts in those regions.
What was the impact of the Treaty on Germany's military?
The Treaty severely restricted the size and capabilities of the German military, aiming to prevent future aggression.
What territories did Germany lose under the Treaty?
Germany lost territories in Europe and overseas, including Alsace-Lorraine, parts of Poland, and its African colonies.
What were the economic consequences for Germany?
Germany faced heavy reparations payments, leading to hyperinflation and economic instability in the 1920s.
What was the impact of the Treaty on Austria-Hungary?
The Treaty led to the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the creation of new nation-states.
What was the impact of the Treaty on the Ottoman Empire?
The Treaty led to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of new states in the Middle East, often under European mandates.
Who was Woodrow Wilson?
President of the United States during WWI, advocated for the Fourteen Points and the League of Nations.
Who was David Lloyd George?
Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWI, sought to balance idealism with British interests at the Paris Peace Conference.
Who was Georges Clemenceau?
Prime Minister of France during WWI, aimed to severely punish Germany and ensure French security at the Paris Peace Conference.
Who was Vittorio Orlando?
Prime Minister of Italy during WWI, sought territorial gains for Italy at the Paris Peace Conference.
What was Wilson's vision for post-war peace?
Wilson envisioned a world based on self-determination, open diplomacy, and collective security through the League of Nations.
What was Clemenceau's primary goal at Versailles?
Clemenceau aimed to weaken Germany permanently to prevent future aggression against France.
What was Lloyd George's position on reparations?
Lloyd George initially supported harsh reparations but later recognized the need for Germany's economic recovery.
What territories did Orlando want for Italy?
Orlando sought territories promised to Italy in the secret Treaty of London, including parts of Austria-Hungary.
What was the impact of Wilson's idealism?
Wilson's idealism influenced the peace process but was often compromised by the competing interests of other nations.
What was the impact of Clemenceau's demands?
Clemenceau's demands led to harsh terms for Germany, contributing to resentment and instability in the interwar period.
Define Diplomatic Idealism.
An approach to international relations that emphasizes cooperation, ethics, and shared values to achieve peace and global well-being.
Define Realpolitik.
A political philosophy focused on practical considerations of power and national interest rather than idealistic notions or moral principles.
Define Reparations.
Payments made by a defeated nation to compensate for war damages or injuries.
Define Self-determination.
The principle that people of a given territory or region should have the right to freely determine their own political status and government.
What is the 'War Guilt' Clause?
Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles, which forced Germany to accept full responsibility for causing World War I.
Define Mandate System.
A system established by the League of Nations to administer former colonies of the defeated powers on a temporary basis, with the intention of eventual independence.
Define Collective Security.
A system where multiple nations agree to act together to deter or respond to aggression by any one nation against any member of the collective.
Define Isolationism.
A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of foreign countries.
Define Appeasement.
A diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict.
Define Demilitarization.
The reduction or removal of military forces or equipment from a specific area or territory.