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Define 'War of Attrition'.
A prolonged conflict where each side seeks to gradually wear down the other by a series of small-scale actions.
Define 'Reparations'.
Payments made by a defeated nation to compensate for war damages.
Define 'Hyperinflation'.
Extremely rapid or out-of-control inflation.
Define 'Buying on Margin'.
Purchasing stocks with a small down payment and borrowing the rest.
Define 'Margin Call'.
A demand by a broker that an investor deposit further cash or securities to cover possible losses.
Define 'Fiscal Policies'.
Government actions to influence the economy through taxation and spending.
Define 'Nationalization'.
Transferring ownership of a major industry or asset from private to state ownership.
Define 'Authoritarianism'.
A political system that concentrates power in a leader or a small elite that is not constitutionally responsible to the people.
Define 'Keynesianism'.
An economic theory advocating for government intervention to stabilize the economy.
Define 'Heterodox Economics'.
Economic schools of thought that are outside mainstream economics.
Who was Charles Dawes?
An American banker who created the Dawes Plan to stabilize the German economy after WWI.
Who was John Maynard Keynes?
A British economist who developed Keynesianism, advocating for government intervention in the economy.
Who was JFK?
His economic policies in the US were influenced by Keynesian ideas.
Compare Keynesianism and Classical Economics.
Keynesianism advocates for government intervention; classical economics favors laissez-faire.
Compare Cooperative Social Action and Popular Front Policies.
Both aimed to reduce poverty and promote equality; CSA emphasized cooperation, while PFP focused on nationalization.
Compare the economic situations in Germany and the US after WWI.
Germany faced hyperinflation and debt, while the US experienced an economic boom.
Compare the causes of the Great Depression in the US and Europe.
US: Stock market crash. Europe: WWI debt, dependence on US loans.
Compare the responses to the Great Depression in Scandinavia and France.
Scandinavia: Cooperative Social Action. France: Popular Front Policies.
Compare the economic impact of WWI on Great Britain and Germany.
Both suffered, but Germany faced the additional burden of reparations, leading to hyperinflation.
Compare the economic policies of JFK and classical economics.
JFK's policies, influenced by Keynesian ideas, advocated government intervention, while classical economics favored laissez-faire.
Compare the long-term effects of the Dawes Plan and the Treaty of Versailles on Germany.
Dawes Plan provided temporary relief, while the Treaty of Versailles created long-term economic burdens.
Compare the rise of authoritarian leaders in Italy and Germany during the interwar period.
Both exploited economic hardship and nationalist sentiment, but their specific ideologies differed.
Compare the role of the US in the European economy before and after the Stock Market Crash of 1929.
Before: Lender and stabilizer. After: Trigger of economic collapse.