The right of a people to choose their own government and political status.

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country; can fuel movements for independence.

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.

The process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing nation.

The impact of the US-USSR rivalry on decolonization, with both superpowers supporting anti-colonial movements to undermine each other.

The division of a territory into two or more separate and autonomous regions, often resulting in displacement and conflict.

Organized efforts by people sharing a common identity to achieve national independence or self-determination.

The long-lasting impacts of colonial administration, including political, economic, and social structures, on newly independent nations.

The economic difficulties faced by newly independent nations due to factors like lack of infrastructure, dependence on former colonizers, and global market challenges.

The tendency of a government to be overthrown or rendered ineffective because of a lack of popular support or internal conflicts.

Causes: Weakened European economies. Effects: Accelerated decolonization movements.

Causes: US and USSR support for anti-colonial movements. Effects: Increased pressure on European powers, fueled nationalist movements.

Causes: Religious tensions, British withdrawal. Effects: Mass displacement, violence, creation of India and Pakistan.

Causes: Desire for self-rule, disappointment with colonial powers. Effects: Independence movements, pressure on colonizers.

Causes: War damage, high debt. Effects: Inability to maintain colonies, accelerated decolonization.

Causes: Advocacy by the UN, changing global norms. Effects: Increased scrutiny of colonial practices, pressure to grant independence.

Causes: Vietnamese desire for independence, French determination to maintain colonial control. Effects: French defeat, eventual division of Vietnam.

Causes: Legacy of colonial rule, ethnic and religious conflicts, weak institutions. Effects: Civil wars, economic hardship, authoritarian rule.

Causes: Congolese nationalism, Belgian withdrawal. Effects: Political instability, civil war, intervention by external powers.

Causes: Wilson's Fourteen Points. Effects: Raised expectations in colonies, fueled nationalist movements, but also led to disappointment when not fully realized.

Raised hopes for self-determination in colonies, though not immediately realized.

India gained independence from England, but the partition into India and Pakistan led to significant violence.

The Philippines was granted independence by the United States after WWII.

Vietnam declared independence from France, leading to the First Indochina War and later the Vietnam War.

Cambodia and Laos gained independence from France as part of the French Indochina region.

The transition to independence was chaotic and led to significant instability.

WWII severely weakened European economies, making it harder for them to maintain their colonies.

Nationalist movements gained momentum during the Cold War, exploiting tensions between the US and USSR.

A conflict between France and Vietnamese nationalist forces (Viet Minh) after Vietnam declared independence in 1945.

Widespread violence, displacement, and long-lasting tensions between the two newly formed nations.