1952. Six nations collaborated on industrial production.

It expanded economic cooperation among member states, creating a 'Common Market'.

A period of financial and economic turmoil in the Eurozone triggered by the 2008 global financial crisis.

Conflicts and instability in the Middle East and North Africa led to a large influx of refugees and asylum seekers into Europe.

The United Kingdom's decision to leave the European Union, driven by Euroskepticism.

A procedure that can be launched against member states for violating the EU's fundamental values, potentially leading to sanctions.

It manages the euro and maintains price stability within the Eurozone.

It audits EU finances for accountability.

Ensures uniform application of EU law across member states.

Directly elected by EU citizens; it serves as a legislative body.

A powerful political and economic bloc in Europe.

An organization of six European countries formed after World War II to regulate their industrial production under a central authority.

An organization created in 1957 to promote economic integration among its member states, also known as the Common Market.

The ability of goods, services, capital, and people to move freely among EU member states.

Uniform tariffs applied by the EU to goods imported from non-EU countries.

The group of EU member states that have adopted the euro as their common currency.

The erosion of democratic norms, rule of law, and civil liberties within a country.

A critical attitude towards the EU and European integration, often driven by concerns about national sovereignty or economic costs.

A situation involving a large influx of refugees and asylum seekers, often straining resources and causing political tensions.

The body comprised of the heads of state or government of EU member states, which sets the overall direction and priorities of the EU.

Causes: Global financial crisis, high debt, economic imbalances. Effects: High unemployment, financial instability, questions about Eurozone viability.

Causes: Conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa. Effects: Strained resources, infrastructure, tensions between member states.

Causes: Concerns about loss of national identity, control over domestic policy, economic costs. Effects: Rise of Euroskeptic parties, Brexit.

Causes: Post-WWII desire for cooperation and prevention of future wars. Effects: Increased interdependence and reduced likelihood of conflict.

Causes: Rise of populist and nationalist movements. Effects: Erosion of the rule of law, independent judiciaries, and media freedom.

Causes: Desire for greater economic integration. Effects: Increased trade and economic growth among member states.

Causes: Aim to create a single market and promote economic and social integration. Effects: Increased labor mobility, economic growth, and potential strain on social services.

Causes: Aim to protect domestic industries and promote trade within the EU. Effects: Increased trade within the EU, potential trade tensions with non-EU countries.

Causes: Aim to maintain price stability and support economic growth. Effects: Control inflation, influence interest rates, and impact economic activity.

Causes: Aim to address climate change and protect the environment. Effects: Reduced pollution, increased renewable energy use, and potential costs for businesses.