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What were the causes and effects of WWII?
Causes: unresolved issues from WWI, rise of fascism and Nazism, expansionist policies. Effects: devastation of Europe, emergence of US and USSR as superpowers, beginning of the Cold War.
What were the causes and effects of the Truman Doctrine?
Causes: perceived threat of communist expansion. Effects: increased tensions between the US and USSR, containment policy, financial aid to anti-communist governments.
What were the causes and effects of the Nuclear Arms Race?
Causes: ideological competition, fear of the other superpower gaining an advantage. Effects: constant threat of global annihilation, proxy wars, massive military spending.
What were the causes and effects of Post-war nationalism?
Causes: desire for self-determination, resentment of colonial rule. Effects: conflicts, atrocities, redrawing of national borders.
What were the causes and effects of the Cold War?
Causes: conflicting ideologies (capitalism vs. communism), emergence of US and USSR as superpowers. Effects: proxy wars, arms race, division of Europe, global political tensions.
What were the causes and effects of the decline of religion after WWII?
Causes: horrors of war, questioning of traditional values. Effects: rise of secularism, existential questioning, changes in social norms.
What were the causes and effects of economic devastation after WWII?
Causes: widespread destruction, massive war spending. Effects: poverty, social unrest, need for reconstruction aid (e.g., Marshall Plan).
What were the causes and effects of the emergence of the US and USSR as superpowers?
Causes: military and economic strength, weakened European powers. Effects: bipolar world order, Cold War, global ideological competition.
What were the causes and effects of the construction of the Berlin Wall?
Causes: prevent emigration from East Berlin to West Berlin. Effects: Symbol of the Cold War division, increased tensions between East and West, family separations.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of anxiety and uncertainty after WWII?
Causes: experience of total war, nuclear threat. Effects: intellectual and artistic movements reflecting anxiety, changes in social values, search for meaning.
Who was Joseph Stalin?
Leader of the Soviet Union in the early Cold War years who oversaw massive industrialization and technological advancements, but whose policies also led to famine and poverty.
Who was Harry S. Truman?
President of the US who actively opposed communism and implemented the Truman Doctrine, providing aid to nations threatened by communism.
Who was Nikita Khrushchev?
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1953-1964 who improved relations with the West somewhat but also oversaw the construction of the Berlin Wall.
What is the Cold War?
A period of intense political, economic, and military tension between the US and USSR, characterized by proxy wars, an arms race, and ideological competition.
What is the Truman Doctrine?
A policy of providing aid to nations threatened by communism, escalating tensions between the US and USSR.
Define Ideological Divide.
The polarization of the world between capitalist and communist ideologies after WWII.
What was the Nuclear Arms Race?
A central feature of the Cold War, where the US and USSR amassed huge stockpiles of nuclear weapons, creating a constant threat of global annihilation.
Define Proxy War.
Conflicts where the US and USSR supported opposing sides without directly engaging each other militarily.
What is meant by 'Superpower'?
A nation with dominant global influence, particularly in economic, military, and political terms. The US and USSR emerged as superpowers after WWII.
Define Nationalism.
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country, sometimes leading to separatist movements and conflicts.
Define Separatism.
The advocacy of or support for separation from a larger political unit (e.g., a country) to form an independent state.
Define Capitalism.
An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.
Define Communism.
A political theory advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.