A political ideology characterized by authoritarian ultranationalism, dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.

A political and economic ideology advocating a classless society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

A U.S.-sponsored initiative to aid Western Europe in its economic recovery after World War II through financial assistance.

Comprehensive social welfare programs providing support from birth to death, including healthcare, social security, and education.

A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

A period of rapid and significant economic growth, often unexpected or unprecedented, such as the post-WWII recovery in Western Europe.

Government programs designed to protect citizens from economic hardship, such as unemployment benefits and welfare assistance.

A prolonged period of slow or no economic growth, often characterized by high unemployment and low investment.

Government-provided assistance to individuals and families in need, aimed at ensuring a basic standard of living.

The range and distribution of political beliefs and ideologies within a society or region at a particular time.

WWII led to the defeat of fascism, the rise of communism, and the reshaping of the global political and economic order.

The Marshall Plan spurred rapid economic growth in Western Europe, fostering stability and preventing the spread of communism.

Economic stagnation led to criticism of extensive welfare programs and debates over funding and scope.

New democracies faced the challenges of rebuilding shattered nations and addressing social and economic scars of the conflict.

The clash of ideologies between democracy, fascism and communism shaped the political landscape of post-war Europe.

Increased public welfare support led to the expansion of social safety nets across Western Europe.

The economic boom fueled by the Marshall Plan led to increased support for public welfare programs.

The funding and scope of social welfare programs became a major source of internal political debate in European nations.

The Marshall Plan aimed to prevent the spread of communism by fostering stability and prosperity in Western Europe.

Cradle-to-grave welfare programs became a hallmark of post-war Europe, providing comprehensive social support.

Causes: Post-WWII devastation, fear of communism. Effects: Economic recovery, increased living standards, reduced communist influence.

Causes: High taxes, welfare costs, global competition. Effects: Criticism of welfare, political debates, calls for reform.

Causes: Fascism, nationalism, unresolved WWI issues. Effects: New democracies, Marshall Plan, Cold War, altered global power balance.

Causes: Post-war consensus, economic growth, desire for social security. Effects: Reduced poverty, improved health, higher taxes, dependency concerns.

Causes: Victory over fascism, rise of communism, differing visions for post-war society. Effects: Cold War, division of Europe, ideological competition.

Causes: Defeat of authoritarian regimes, Allied influence, desire for self-determination. Effects: Political instability, economic challenges, democratic institutions.

Causes: Economic boom, desire for social safety nets, post-war consensus. Effects: Expansion of social programs, reduced poverty, higher taxes.

Causes: Post-war consensus, desire for comprehensive social support, economic prosperity. Effects: Increased social security, higher taxes, potential dependency.

Causes: Economic stagnation, rising taxes, concerns about dependency. Effects: Political polarization, welfare reforms, shifting public opinion.

Causes: Marshall Plan, technological advancements, increased trade. Effects: Higher living standards, expanded welfare states, social mobility.