WWII led to the defeat of fascism, the rise of communism, and the reshaping of the global political and economic order.

The Marshall Plan spurred rapid economic growth in Western Europe, fostering stability and preventing the spread of communism.

Economic stagnation led to criticism of extensive welfare programs and debates over funding and scope.

New democracies faced the challenges of rebuilding shattered nations and addressing social and economic scars of the conflict.

The clash of ideologies between democracy, fascism and communism shaped the political landscape of post-war Europe.

Increased public welfare support led to the expansion of social safety nets across Western Europe.

The economic boom fueled by the Marshall Plan led to increased support for public welfare programs.

The funding and scope of social welfare programs became a major source of internal political debate in European nations.

The Marshall Plan aimed to prevent the spread of communism by fostering stability and prosperity in Western Europe.

Cradle-to-grave welfare programs became a hallmark of post-war Europe, providing comprehensive social support.

Causes: Post-WWII devastation, fear of communism. Effects: Economic recovery, increased living standards, reduced communist influence.

Causes: High taxes, welfare costs, global competition. Effects: Criticism of welfare, political debates, calls for reform.

Causes: Fascism, nationalism, unresolved WWI issues. Effects: New democracies, Marshall Plan, Cold War, altered global power balance.

Causes: Post-war consensus, economic growth, desire for social security. Effects: Reduced poverty, improved health, higher taxes, dependency concerns.

Causes: Victory over fascism, rise of communism, differing visions for post-war society. Effects: Cold War, division of Europe, ideological competition.

Causes: Defeat of authoritarian regimes, Allied influence, desire for self-determination. Effects: Political instability, economic challenges, democratic institutions.

Causes: Economic boom, desire for social safety nets, post-war consensus. Effects: Expansion of social programs, reduced poverty, higher taxes.

Causes: Post-war consensus, desire for comprehensive social support, economic prosperity. Effects: Increased social security, higher taxes, potential dependency.

Causes: Economic stagnation, rising taxes, concerns about dependency. Effects: Political polarization, welfare reforms, shifting public opinion.

Causes: Marshall Plan, technological advancements, increased trade. Effects: Higher living standards, expanded welfare states, social mobility.

Both are authoritarian, but fascism emphasizes nationalism and private enterprise, while communism emphasizes classless society and state control.

Welfare states varied in scope and generosity. Scandinavian countries had comprehensive systems, while others were more limited.

Western Europe benefited from the Marshall Plan and market economies, leading to faster recovery than Eastern Europe under communist control.

Germany faced division and occupation, while France focused on rebuilding its economy and regaining its international influence.

While all classes suffered, the working class and poor were disproportionately affected by displacement and economic hardship.

Initial support was based on post-war consensus and economic growth, while later criticism arose from economic stagnation and high taxes.

The Marshall Plan aimed to rebuild Europe and prevent communism, and it largely succeeded in both, fostering economic growth and stability.

Some nations experienced more severe economic stagnation than others, leading to varying degrees of social unrest and political instability.

In Western Europe, the state played a role in regulating the economy and providing welfare, while in Eastern Europe, the state controlled nearly all aspects of life.

Western Europe embraced democracy and multi-party systems, while Eastern Europe was dominated by communist one-party states.