Renaissance and Exploration

Such discoveries uniformly diminished urban centers by shifting focus towards rural colonization efforts overseas.

Discoveries led to colonial empires that enriched Europe through new trade routes, commodities, and slave labor systems.

The discoveries primarily fostered intellectual curiosity without any significant economic or social structural changes.

Geographical findings had negligible economic effects since most territories were already known through medieval trade networks like Silk Road.

His support helped initiate a series of Portuguese explorations that would eventually lead to maritime trade routes to Asia.

He established permanent colonies along Africa's west coast, leading directly to widespread colonialism within a decade.

His expeditions predominantly resulted in overland connections with Asia through Russia.

He discovered an all-water route to America which diminished Spain’s role in overseas exploration.

Christopher Columbus discovering America.

The Scientific Revolution begins with Copernicus' heliocentric model.

The start of the Italian Renaissance.

Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation.

Renaissance skepticism discouraged belief in the existence of undiscovered lands.

Humanism fostered a spirit of inquiry that drove technological advancements facilitating more efficient sea travel.

The rejection of classical ideas limited Europe's ability to develop new technologies for exploration.

Increased focus on religious texts led to a lack of interest in worldly pursuits, hampering exploration.

Protestant Reformation

The Great Schism

Christian Revival

Catholic Counter-Reformation

Martin Luther started Protestant Reformation with his Ninety-Five theses.

Copernicus published On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres.

The Catholic Church banned books promoting scientific inquiry.

The beginning of Italian Renaissance.

It fostered an environment where individual achievement and civic responsibility were highly valued.

It resulted in theocratic governance, emphasizing religious authority over secular matters.

It promoted feudalism, reinforcing the manorial system and hierarchy within rural communities.

It led to the establishment of absolute monarchies that centralized power in the hands of a single ruler.

Increased censorship by governments.

Promotion of oral tradition.

Rapid spread of ideas and knowledge.

Decline in literacy rates.

Spread of religions.

New territories.

Preserving indigenous cultures.

Economic benefits.

It facilitated faster printing leading to widespread literacy.

It caused a decline in handwritten manuscripts' value.

It centralized knowledge production within religious institutions.

It reduced public interest in scientific discoveries.