Conflict, Crisis, and Reaction in the Late 18th Century
Which is NOT a characteristic of capitalism?
Free and competitive markets
Profit as the driving force
Private property rights
State controls all means of production
What effect did increased access to New World silver have on Europe's economy?
It led to economic depression due to overproduction of goods.
It decreased Europe's reliance on Asian spices for trade revenue.
It resulted in a shortage of copper and gold coins.
It caused price inflation due to an increase in money supply.
How did Marco Polo's travel accounts affect long-term approaches to Asian markets in Europe?
His accounts led to a European boycott of Asian goods.
His narratives resulted in diplomatic isolation between Europe and Asia.
His accounts stimulated interest in Asia, ultimately leading to efforts towards establishing direct trade routes with Asian countries.
His descriptions dissuaded Europeans from pursuing further contact or trade with Asia.
What was the impact of Voltaire's works on Europe's understanding and acceptance towards foreign cultures in relation to global trade?
They discouraged interaction with non-European cultures, hindering global trade relations.
They suggested that Europe should maintain cultural superiority over trading partners.
They promoted tolerance and appreciation for other cultures, fostering open-mindedness conducive to international commerce.
They called for total cultural assimilation in trading relationships.
If the Dutch had failed to secure independence from Spain after the Eighty Years' War, which of the following would have been most likely to hinder the rise of global markets in Europe?
Increased British naval dominance in the Mediterranean Sea.
The expansion of Spanish agricultural techniques in Northern Europe.
A decrease in religious conflict within the Holy Roman Empire.
The decline of Amsterdam as a financial and commercial hub.
Which product played a key role in the emergence of transatlantic trade during the rise of global markets?
Grain crops.
Iron ore.
Sugar.
Gold.
How did the Columbian Exchange contribute to the rise of global markets during the Age of Exploration?
By introducing new crops and livestock globally, which boosted agricultural productivity and trade.
By leading to military conflicts among European powers as they fought over control for newly discovered lands.
By ensuring religious conversion of the New World inhabitants to Christianity.
By causing a decrease in population due to spread of diseases like smallpox in Europe.

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How might an audience's cultural background affect their interpretation of a secondary source discussing European exploration during the Age of Discovery?
It could lead them to reject the source outright due to cultural differences.
It may influence their perspective and understanding of events, potentially leading to different interpretations.
It does not affect interpretation as all readers interpret history objectively.
Only those with a European background would be able to understand the source.
If Spain hadn't amassed wealth from its New World colonies, how might this affect the European economy during the Age of Exploration?
Spanish Inquisition wouldn't happen due to lack of funds to execute it effectively.
Other nations may have become more dominant economic powers and fostered different economic systems or practices.
There wouldn't be any major changes in economic power balance within Europe.
Europe's economy would've collapsed completely.
Which country emerged as the dominant global colonial power in the late 18th century?
Spain
Great Britain
Portugal
France