19th Century Perspectives and Political Developments
Which ideological movement can be seen as a direct counter to the principles of Social Darwinism?
Nationalism
Fascism
Marxism
Romanticism
How did Charles Darwin's theories influence the field of psychology in Europe during the late nineteenth century?
They had no significant impact on psychological studies during this time period,
They spurred interest in studying human behavior from a biological perspective.
They discouraged psychologists from exploring non-biological explanations for behaviors,
They forced psychologists to completely reject all previous theories about human nature,
How did theories related to Social Darwinism affect views on poverty and philanthropy within Europe?
They encouraged greater state intervention to alleviate poverty, based on a belief in collective responsibility for societal welfare.
Some people used these ideas to argue against aid for the poor, seeing it as interference with natural selection.
They led to increased charitable giving, as people sought to help those disadvantaged by natural selection.
They had no impact on views of poverty and philanthropy, which were determined solely by religious beliefs.
How did Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection challenge societal norms in Europe during the late-19th century?
By promoting a philosophy based purely on survival instincts, devoid of morals or ethics.
By suggesting that all races were equally evolved and hence racially equal societies should exist.
By advocating for total anarchy in society.
By implying that human beings are not fundamentally different from animals.
What term describes the now-discredited idea of using Darwin's theories to justify discriminatory practices?
Racial Superiority
Natural Selection
Evolutionary Biology
Social Darwinism
"Survival of the fittest," often associated with social darwinism, suggests what about society?
The most capable or strongest individuals and societies are the ones that prosper.
All members of society have equal chance to survive irrespective of their abilities.
Society's structure can only be changed through violent revolutions.
Societies will inevitably evolve into more advanced states over time.
What was the key principle proposed by Charles Darwin in his publication "On the Origin of Species"?
Quantum Mechanics
General Relativity
Natural Selection
Laws of Motion

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What was the primary impact of Charles Darwin's "On the Origin of Species" on 19th-century European society?
It ended the Industrial Revolution.
It laid the groundwork for Social Darwinism.
It led directly to World War I.
It abolished slavery throughout Europe.
How did Social Darwinism influence European imperial policy at the end of the 19th century?
It led to international agreements limiting colonial claims to prevent conflict between European powers.
It promoted equal treaties and respect for indigenous cultures based on mutual survival of all human societies.
It was used to justify colonial expansion as a natural selection process of stronger nations dominating weaker ones.
It encouraged rapid decolonization movements, arguing that imperial rule was an artificial hindrance to natural competition.
Which late 19th-century philosopher built upon Darwin's concepts to argue that society naturally progresses through competitive struggle?
Emile Durkheim
Herbert Spencer
Friedrich Engels
John Stuart Mill