Cold War and Contemporary Europe

Direct confrontation policy in Napoleonic wars.

Strategy of attrition used in World War I.

Appeasement strategy before World War II.

Balance-of-power politics during the Concert of Europe period.

It caused severe hyperinflation in Germany and France.

It resulted in economic dependence on the Soviet Union.

It led to rapid recovery and growth of Western European economies.

It led to a widespread depression throughout Europe.

To eliminate all remaining fascism from World War II

To encourage global trade and capitalism

To establish democratic governments in all countries

To provide aid to any country fighting off communism

CENTO (Central Treaty Organization)

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization)

The League of Nations

Racial division during World War II.

Religious division during the Protestant Reformation

Ideological division during Napoleonic Wars.

Class division during the French Revolution.

It resulted in geographical expansion for both nations.

It improved bilateral trade relations.

It led to demilitarization in both countries.

It heightened tensions and fears.

Marshall Plan

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

World Bank

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Truman Doctrine

Nixon Doctrine

Monroe Doctrine

Eisenhower Doctrine

Margaret Thatcher.

Neville Chamberlain.

Harold Wilson.

Winston Churchill.

It provided a comprehensive worldview that influenced government policy-making

Acted primarily as a cultural movement promoting traditional values

Served mainly as a diplomatic tool for negotiating international treaties

Offered an apolitical perspective that transcended governmental structures