Cold War and Contemporary Europe

Mikhail Gorbachev

Joseph Stalin

Vladimir Lenin

Nikita Khrushchev

Margaret Thatcher.

Neville Chamberlain.

Harold Wilson.

Winston Churchill.

Racial division during World War II.

Religious division during the Protestant Reformation

Ideological division during Napoleonic Wars.

Class division during the French Revolution.

The Gulf War.

The Vietnam War.

The Cuban Missile Crisis.

The Berlin Blockade.

To obtain territories in Europe

To create a military alliance with European countries

To financially aid Western European countries for economic recovery

To introduce capitalism in Eastern Europe

It provided a comprehensive worldview that influenced government policy-making

Acted primarily as a cultural movement promoting traditional values

Served mainly as a diplomatic tool for negotiating international treaties

Offered an apolitical perspective that transcended governmental structures

Direct confrontation policy in Napoleonic wars.

Strategy of attrition used in World War I.

Appeasement strategy before World War II.

Balance-of-power politics during the Concert of Europe period.

It caused severe hyperinflation in Germany and France.

It resulted in economic dependence on the Soviet Union.

It led to rapid recovery and growth of Western European economies.

It led to a widespread depression throughout Europe.

It resulted in geographical expansion for both nations.

It improved bilateral trade relations.

It led to demilitarization in both countries.

It heightened tensions and fears.

Marshall Plan

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

World Bank

International Monetary Fund (IMF)