All Flashcards
What is the effect of high agricultural density?
Indicates a large number of farmers relative to arable land, often associated with less advanced farming techniques.
What are the causes and effects of declining death rates in Stage 2 of the DTM?
Causes: Improved sanitation, healthcare. Effect: Rapid population growth.
What are the causes and effects of low birth rates in Stage 4 of the DTM?
Causes: Access to contraception, education, urbanization. Effect: Stable population.
What are the causes and effects of war as a push factor?
Cause: Conflict, instability. Effect: Forced migration, refugee crises.
What are the causes and effects of job opportunities as a pull factor?
Cause: Economic growth, demand for labor. Effect: Increased migration to areas with job prospects.
What is the impact of proximity to freshwater sources on population distribution?
Proximity to freshwater sources is essential for survival, leading to higher population densities in those areas.
What is the impact of political instability on migration patterns?
Political instability acts as a push factor, causing people to migrate to safer, more stable regions.
What is the effect of a wide base in a population pyramid?
Indicates high birth rates.
What is the effect of a narrow base in a population pyramid?
Indicates low birth rates.
How does topography affect population distribution?
People tend to settle in low-lying areas rather than high mountains due to ease of access and cultivation.
Compare Arithmetic and Physiological Density.
Arithmetic density is total population/total land. Physiological density is total population/arable land; it shows pressure on land for food.
Compare Stage 2 and Stage 4 of the DTM.
Stage 2: High birth rates, declining death rates. Stage 4: Low birth and death rates, stable population.
Compare Push and Pull Factors of migration.
Push factors force people to leave; pull factors attract them to a new location.
Compare physical and human factors influencing population distribution.
Physical factors are natural elements like climate and land. Human factors are safety, economy, and social connections.
Compare population pyramids of countries in Stage 2 and Stage 4 of the DTM.
Stage 2 pyramids have a wide base and narrow top. Stage 4 pyramids are more rectangular.
Compare the focus of arithmetic density vs. physiological density.
Arithmetic density focuses on overall population distribution, while physiological density focuses on population pressure on arable land.
Compare the level of industrialization in countries in Stage 1 vs. Stage 4 of the DTM.
Stage 1 countries are pre-industrial, while Stage 4 countries are developed and highly industrialized.
Compare the birth rates in countries in Stage 3 vs. Stage 5 of the DTM.
Stage 3 countries have declining birth rates, while Stage 5 countries have very low birth rates.
Compare the role of economic opportunities as a push vs. pull factor.
Lack of economic opportunities is a push factor, while the presence of economic opportunities is a pull factor.
Compare the population growth rate in Stage 2 vs. Stage 3 of the DTM.
Stage 2 has rapid population growth, while Stage 3 has slower population growth.
What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?
A model that shows population changes over time, with stages based on birth and death rates.
How does climate influence population distribution?
Most people prefer moderate climates, typically found in the midlatitudes.
How does fertile land influence population distribution?
Access to arable land for growing food is crucial; people settle in river valleys and plains.
Explain the concept of 'stage 1' of the DTM.
High birth and death rates, stable population (pre-industrial societies).
Explain the concept of 'stage 2' of the DTM.
High birth rates, declining death rates, rapid population growth (early industrializing countries).
Explain the concept of 'stage 3' of the DTM.
Declining birth rates, low death rates, slower population growth (late industrializing countries).
Explain the concept of 'stage 4' of the DTM.
Low birth and death rates, stable population (developed countries).
Explain the concept of 'stage 5' of the DTM.
Very low birth rates, low death rates, population decline (some post-industrial countries).
What do bulges or indentations in a population pyramid indicate?
Past events like wars or baby booms.
How do economic opportunities influence population distribution?
Job prospects and economic growth attract people to certain areas.