All Flashcards
What is Population Composition?
The characteristics of a population, like age, gender, race, and occupation.
What is Sex Ratio?
The number of males for every 100 females in a population.
What is Age Structure?
The distribution of a population across different age groups.
What are Population Pyramids?
Bar graphs that show the distribution of a population by age and sex.
What is Dependency Ratio?
The proportion of people not in the workforce compared to the working-age population.
What is Fertility Rate?
The number of children born per woman during her reproductive years.
What is Mortality Rate?
The number of deaths in a given population per unit of time.
What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?
A model that explains how a population changes over time through stages of birth and death rates.
Define 'youthful' age structure.
High proportion of young people, few elderly; high fertility rates, high dependency ratio.
Define 'aging' age structure.
Large proportion of elderly people, few young people; low fertility rates, high dependency ratio.
Compare the sex ratio in developed vs. developing countries.
Developed: More women. Developing: Often more men due to cultural preferences and sex-selective abortions.
Compare the population pyramids of Stage 2 and Stage 4 countries in the DTM.
Stage 2: Wide base, narrow top. Stage 4: More rectangular shape, relatively even distribution across age groups.
Compare the dependency ratio in countries with youthful vs. aging populations.
Youthful: High dependency ratio due to a large proportion of young dependents. Aging: High dependency ratio due to a large proportion of elderly dependents.
Compare the fertility rates in Stage 1 and Stage 4 of the DTM.
Stage 1: High fertility rates. Stage 4: Low fertility rates.
Compare the mortality rates in Stage 1 and Stage 4 of the DTM.
Stage 1: High mortality rates. Stage 4: Low mortality rates.
Compare the age structure of a university town and a retirement community.
University town: Lots of 15-24 year-olds. Retirement community: High percentage of people 60 and older.
Compare the population pyramids of Nigeria and Japan.
Nigeria: Wide base, narrow top (youthful). Japan: Narrow base, wide top (aging).
Compare the population growth in Stage 2 and Stage 3 of the DTM.
Stage 2: Rapid population growth. Stage 3: Slower population growth.
Compare the dependency ratio in Stage 2 and Stage 4 of the DTM.
Stage 2: High dependency ratio due to high birth rates. Stage 4: High dependency ratio due to aging population.
Compare the population pyramids of China and India regarding sex ratio.
Both countries have historically shown a male-skewed sex ratio, but the reasons and severity differ due to varying cultural practices and policies.
What does population composition tell us?
It helps us figure out what a population needs and how to best support it, informing policies and resource allocation.
How does life expectancy affect sex ratio?
Women generally have longer life expectancies, leading to more women in older age groups in developed countries.
How do cultural preferences affect sex ratio?
Some cultures prefer male children, leading to sex-selective abortions and skewed sex ratios.
What does a youthful age structure indicate about a country?
High fertility rates and a large proportion of young people, often found in developing countries.
What does an aging age structure indicate about a country?
Low fertility rates and a large proportion of elderly people, often found in developed countries.
What can be learned from population pyramids?
Dependency ratio, fertility rates, mortality rates, gender balance, population projections, and population growth.
How does Stage 1 of the DTM affect population growth?
High birth and death rates result in slow or stable population growth.
How does Stage 2 of the DTM affect population growth?
High birth rates and declining death rates lead to rapid population growth.
How does Stage 3 of the DTM affect population growth?
Declining birth rates and slower population growth.
How does Stage 4 of the DTM affect population growth?
Low birth and death rates result in slow or stable population growth.