All Flashcards
What are Pro-Natalist Policies?
Policies that encourage people to have more children, aimed at increasing birth rates.
What are Anti-Natalist Policies?
Policies that discourage people from having children, aimed at decreasing birth rates.
What is Natural Increase Rate (NIR)?
The difference between birth rates and death rates in a population.
Define 'Refugee'.
Someone forced to leave their country due to persecution, seeking asylum.
Define 'Immigrant'.
Someone who chooses to move to a new country for better opportunities.
What is Stage 5 of the DTM?
A stage in the Demographic Transition Model where birth rates are very low and population is shrinking.
What is Population Policy?
A set of measures implemented by a government to influence population size, growth, or composition.
Define 'Sterilization' in the context of population policies.
A medical procedure that makes a person unable to produce children, sometimes used in anti-natalist policies.
What is 'Gender Imbalance'?
An unequal ratio of males to females in a population, often a consequence of anti-natalist policies favoring male children.
What is 'Asylum'?
The protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee.
Compare pro-natalist and anti-natalist policies.
Pro-natalist policies encourage births, while anti-natalist policies discourage births. They aim to influence population growth in opposite directions.
Compare the population policies of Sweden and China.
Sweden uses pro-natalist policies like paid maternity leave, while China historically used anti-natalist policies like the One-Child Policy.
Compare the impacts of immigration policies in Germany and the United States.
Germany's open immigration policies have boosted its population, while the US has seen fluctuating immigration policies and impacts on NIR.
Compare the effectiveness of financial incentives vs. propaganda in pro-natalist policies.
Financial incentives provide direct support, while propaganda aims to change cultural attitudes. Effectiveness varies by context.
Compare the long-term effects of the One-Child Policy with voluntary family planning programs.
One-Child Policy led to gender imbalances and an aging population, while voluntary programs offer more individual choice and potentially more sustainable demographic trends.
Compare refugees and immigrants.
Refugees are forced to leave their country due to persecution, while immigrants choose to move for better opportunities.
Compare the population policies in Stage 2 and Stage 4 of the DTM.
Stage 2 countries may implement anti-natalist policies due to high growth, while Stage 4 countries may consider pro-natalist policies due to declining birth rates.
Compare the approaches of Japan and Denmark to pronatalism.
Japan invests heavily in financial incentives, while Denmark uses public campaigns to encourage childbirth.
Compare the consequences of forced versus voluntary sterilization.
Forced sterilization leads to ethical concerns and public outcry, while voluntary sterilization is a personal choice.
Compare the impact of immigration on NIR in developed vs. developing countries.
In developed countries, immigration can significantly boost NIR, while in developing countries, the impact may be less pronounced due to higher existing birth rates.
What are the causes and effects of China's One-Child Policy?
Cause: Rapid population growth. Effects: Lower NIR, gender imbalance, aging population.
What are the causes and effects of Sweden's pro-natalist policies?
Cause: Low birth rates and aging population. Effects: Increased birth rates (potentially), concerns about employer hesitance to hire women.
What are the causes and effects of high immigration rates on a country?
Causes: Economic opportunities, political instability in other countries. Effects: Increased NIR, cultural diversity, potential strain on resources.
What are the causes and effects of low birth rates in developed countries?
Causes: High cost of living, career-focused lifestyles, access to contraception. Effects: Aging population, shrinking workforce, strain on social security systems.
What is the effect of forced sterilization programs?
Reduced birth rates but also public outcry and ethical concerns.
What is the impact of pro-natalist policies on the workforce?
May lead to concerns about hiring women due to maternity leave.
What is the impact of anti-natalist policies on gender balance?
Can lead to gender imbalances due to preference for male children.
What is the effect of immigration on the economy?
Can boost the economy by increasing the workforce and consumer base.
What are the effects of an aging population?
Increased strain on social security and healthcare systems, potential labor shortages.
What are the causes and effects of pronatalist policies in Stage 5 DTM countries?
Cause: Low birth rates and aging population. Effects: Attempt to increase birth rates, potential economic strain, limited success due to cultural norms.