All Flashcards
What is the significance of the Fertile Crescent?
Hearth of the First Agricultural Revolution; transition from hunting/gathering to farming.
Explain the importance of the Nile River Valley.
Second urban hearth, early agricultural development.
What is the significance of the Indus River Valley?
Third urban hearth; early agricultural development with cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.
What role did East Asia play in agricultural origins?
Key area for rice and millet domestication, especially in the Yellow and Yangtze River Valleys.
What is the importance of Central America in agricultural origins?
Key area for maize (corn), beans, and cotton domestication.
Explain the role of Southwest Asia in animal domestication.
Hearth with the largest number of domesticated animals: pigs, goats, cattle, sheep, dogs.
What is the importance of Sub-Saharan Africa in agricultural origins?
Key area for sorghum and yams domestication.
What is the role of understanding seeds and watering in the First Agricultural Revolution?
Critical for transitioning from hunting/gathering to farming.
What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange on agriculture?
Introduced new plants and animals to different regions, transforming diets and agricultural practices globally.
What is the impact of agricultural mechanization?
Increased efficiency and productivity in farming operations.
What are the causes and effects of agricultural mechanization?
Cause: Technological advancements. Effect: Increased efficiency, higher yields, reduced labor needs.
What are the causes and effects of irrigation?
Cause: Need for consistent crop yields. Effect: Increased yields, expansion of agriculture into drier areas, potential water depletion.
What are the causes and effects of the First Agricultural Revolution?
Cause: Understanding seeds, watering, and animal care. Effect: Transition from hunting/gathering to settled agriculture, rise of civilizations.
What are the causes and effects of the Columbian Exchange?
Cause: Exploration and trade between the Americas and Europe. Effect: Global diffusion of new crops and animals, dietary changes, population growth.
What are the causes and effects of using fertilizers and pesticides?
Cause: Desire for higher crop yields and pest control. Effect: Increased yields, environmental pollution, potential health risks.
What are the causes and effects of genetic modification in agriculture?
Cause: Desire for crops with specific traits (e.g., pest resistance). Effect: Increased yields, reduced pesticide use, potential environmental and health concerns.
What are the causes and effects of focusing on sustainability in agriculture?
Cause: Concern for environmental conservation and resource management. Effect: Reduced environmental impact, long-term soil health, potential for lower yields in some cases.
What are the causes and effects of domesticating animals?
Cause: Need for reliable sources of food, labor, and materials. Effect: Increased food production, development of pastoralism, spread of diseases.
What are the causes and effects of domesticating plants?
Cause: Need for stable food supply and sedentary lifestyle. Effect: Increased food production, development of agriculture, altered landscapes.
What are the causes and effects of the spread of agriculture?
Cause: Population growth, technological advancements, and cultural exchange. Effect: Increased food production, urbanization, environmental changes, and altered social structures.
What are the key steps in the First Agricultural Revolution?
Understanding seeds, watering, and animal care leading to farming.
What is the process of contagious diffusion in agriculture?
Spreading of agricultural practices from Central Asia to Europe.
What is the process of crop domestication?
Selecting and cultivating wild plants over time to enhance desired traits.
What is the process of animal domestication?
Taming and breeding wild animals over time to make them suitable for human use.
What is the process of agricultural innovation?
Developing and adopting new technologies and practices to improve farming efficiency and productivity.
What is the process of genetic modification in crops?
Altering the genetic material of plants to introduce desired traits such as pest resistance or higher yields.
What is the process of irrigation in agriculture?
Supplying water to crops through artificial means such as canals, sprinklers, or drip systems.
What is the process of fertilization in agriculture?
Adding nutrients to the soil to enhance plant growth and increase crop yields.
What is the process of pest control in agriculture?
Managing and reducing the impact of pests on crops through various methods such as pesticides, biological controls, or integrated pest management.
What is the process of crop rotation?
Planting different crops in a sequence to improve soil health, reduce pest and disease buildup, and increase yields.