Selection of parent plants with desired traits, hybridization, genetic modification, testing, and propagation.

Assessment of water needs, design of irrigation infrastructure, construction, water source development, and maintenance.

Soil testing, fertilizer selection, calculation of application rates, application method (e.g., broadcasting, banding), and monitoring plant response.

Pest identification, selection of appropriate pesticide, calculation of application rates, application method, and monitoring pest control effectiveness.

Assessment of machinery needs, selection of appropriate machines, operator training, field preparation, and maintenance.

Gene identification, gene isolation, gene insertion into the target organism, testing for desired traits, and propagation.

Adoption of high-yield seeds, application of fertilizers and pesticides, implementation of irrigation systems, increased food production, and distribution to vulnerable populations.

Soil testing, reduced use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, implementation of conservation tillage, crop rotation, and promotion of organic farming practices.

Adoption of high-yield seeds, application of fertilizers and pesticides, implementation of irrigation systems, increased crop yields, and access to markets.

Soil conservation, water management, integrated pest management, crop diversification, and promotion of organic farming practices.

Latin America, Asia, and Africa, particularly Mexico, India, and Pakistan.

Mexico was a key country in Latin America where the Green Revolution had a major impact.

India and Pakistan were key countries in Asia where the Green Revolution had a major impact.

Sub-Saharan Africa and other regions with challenging environmental conditions or limited infrastructure.

Regions with intensive chemical farming practices, such as parts of India and Pakistan, experienced significant environmental degradation.

Regions where larger, more mechanized operations benefited at the expense of small farmers, such as parts of India.

Regions with increased agricultural production, such as parts of India and Pakistan, experienced improved food security.

Regions with heavy fertilizer use, such as parts of India and Pakistan, experienced water pollution from fertilizer runoff.

Regions with intensive chemical farming practices, such as parts of India and Pakistan, experienced soil degradation.

Regions with increased crop yields, such as parts of India and Pakistan, experienced increased agricultural exports.

Causes: High-yield seeds, fertilizers, irrigation. Effects: Improved food security, economic benefits, environmental degradation.

Causes: Overuse of fertilizers and pesticides. Effects: Soil and water pollution, loss of biodiversity, health risks.

Causes: Adoption of modern agricultural technologies. Effects: Reliance on expensive inputs, market fluctuations, increased costs.

Causes: Displacement of small farmers. Effects: Increased income inequality, loss of traditional farming practices, rural-urban migration.

Causes: Higher crop yields, access to markets. Effects: Improved living standards, economic growth, increased agricultural exports.

Causes: Increased food production, improved food security. Effects: Better health outcomes, increased productivity, reduced mortality rates.

Causes: Overuse of synthetic fertilizers. Effects: Eutrophication, aquatic dead zones, contamination of drinking water sources.

Causes: Intensive chemical farming practices. Effects: Loss of soil fertility, reduced crop yields, increased erosion.

Causes: Higher crop yields, access to markets. Effects: Economic growth, improved trade balance, increased foreign exchange earnings.

Causes: Desire for pest resistance and higher yields. Effects: Increased crop production, reduced pesticide use (in some cases), concerns about health risks and environmental impacts.