Causes: Technological advancements, access to resources. Effects: Cheaper goods, increased availability, urbanization, pollution.

Causes: Desire for mutual benefit, proximity to resources. Effects: Increased innovation, economic growth, potential for congestion and pollution.

Causes: Automation, globalization, shift to service economy. Effects: Job losses in manufacturing, urban decay, rise of new industries.

Causes: Economic and political power imbalances. Effects: Dependence on powerful countries, exploitation of resources, perpetuation of uneven development.

Causes: Desire to reduce waste and storage costs. Effects: Increased efficiency, reliance on reliable transportation, vulnerability to disruptions.

Causes: Demand for customized products, technological advancements. Effects: Flexible production, niche markets, increased consumer choice.

Causes: Globalization, desire for market expansion. Effects: Increased global trade, foreign direct investment, potential exploitation of labor and resources.

Causes: Lower labor costs, trade agreements. Effects: Increased manufacturing in developing countries, job creation, potential for exploitation of workers.

Causes: Warm climate, job opportunities, lower cost of living. Effects: Population growth, economic development, increased demand for resources.

Causes: Technological advancements, reduced trade barriers. Effects: Increased global trade, cultural exchange, economic interdependence, potential for exploitation of labor and resources.

Grouping of activities for mutual benefit.

A specific area that drives regional economic development.

Receiving materials just when they are needed, reducing waste and storage costs.

Shift from mass production to flexible, customized production.

Loss of a region's industrial base; shift towards a service-based economy.

Large businesses operating in multiple countries.

Continuing economic and political control by powerful countries, even after formal colonialism ends.

Factories in developing countries that import raw materials and export finished goods, often near borders.

Region in the US known for warm climate and rapid growth.

The process of transforming from an agrarian society to one based on manufacturing of goods and services.

An economy based on customs and traditions, often involving farming and bartering.

An economy driven by supply and demand, with free markets and competition.

An economy where the government controls everything, using centralized planning.

An economy that blends elements of market and command systems.

Industrialization and economic growth can lead to both progress and problems, resulting in uneven development across regions and countries.

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Railroads increased the movement of goods, people, and ideas, acting as the arteries of the economy.

Access to raw materials, facilitated by steamships, fueled industrial growth.

Factory jobs gave women more economic power and contributed to overall economic growth.

Increased global trade leads to more development and knowledge sharing between countries.