Agriculture and Rural Land–Use

Reduction in worldwide hunger

Decrease in use of pesticides

Increase in crop yields

Promotion of biodiversity

Heavy reliance on technology and external inputs

Cultivation of high-yield crops close to urban centers

Population growth leading to intensified agriculture

Small-scale, sustainable farming techniques

Southeast Asia employs more labor-intensive subsistence farming due to its earlier stage of demographic transition, while the Midwest uses mechanized commercial farming consistent with a later stage.

Both regions rely heavily on mechanized commercial farming despite their differences in demographic transitions and levels of development.

Southeast Asia and the Midwest both utilize intensive subsistence agriculture equally because they are in similar stages of demographic transition.

The Midwest predominantly engages in shifting cultivation due to a younger population structure, unlike mechanized farming in Southeast Asia.

Irrigation without proper drainage systems

Organic farming methods

No-till farming practices

Crop rotation techniques

More developed regions have larger populations to feed than less developed ones.

They require significant capital investment that less developed regions may lack.

The climates of more developed regions are more suitable for Green Revolution technologies.

Less developed regions have no interest in increasing crop yield.

Promoting extensive animal grazing

Encouraging agroforestry practices

Advancing large-scale palm oil production

Increasing reliance on synthetic fertilizers

Mixed farming

Industrial agriculture

Subsistence farming

Monoculture

Vertical farms become widespread, replacing traditional spatial patterns of agricultural land use around cities.

High-value crops are cultivated closer to the city center while livestock ranching moves further away due to increased transportation costs.

Organic farms proliferate on city outskirts due to consumer preferences for locally-sourced foods.

Suburban sprawl has no significant impact as modern transportation nullifies distance decay effects on agriculture.

He argued that climate change would lead to shifts in crop cultivation patterns.

He proposed multiple independent centers of agricultural origin rather than a single source.

He predicted a return to subsistence farming due to modern societal changes.

He emphasized on organic farming over industrial agriculture.

The Western region

The Northeastern region

The Southern region

The Midwest Region