Glossary
ACE Method
A memory aid for the Presentational Writing task, standing for 'Aspects' (describe three), 'Compare/Contrast' (highlight similarities and differences), and 'Explain Preference' (state and justify your choice).
Example:
By following the ACE Method, you can ensure you've addressed all the key requirements for your Compare & Contrast Article.
Character Count (300-400+)
The required length for the Presentational Writing article, indicating the minimum and target number of Japanese characters to be written.
Example:
To meet the Character Count (300-400+) requirement, make sure to elaborate on your points with sufficient detail and examples.
Compare & Contrast Article
A specific Free Response Question (FRQ) format in the Presentational Writing section, requiring students to analyze and discuss similarities and differences between two cultural topics.
Example:
For the Compare & Contrast Article, you might discuss the differences between Japanese school clubs and American after-school activities.
Planning (for writing)
The strategic first step in the writing process, involving outlining main points, organizing thoughts, and brainstorming vocabulary before drafting the article.
Example:
Effective Planning (for writing), even for just five minutes, can significantly improve the coherence and quality of your essay.
Preference (in writing)
A requirement in the Compare & Contrast Article to state a clear personal choice between the two topics and provide well-reasoned justifications for that choice.
Example:
After comparing city and country life, you must state your Preference (in writing) and explain why you prefer one over the other.
Presentational Writing
One of the two main communication modes tested on the AP Japanese exam, focusing on producing written Japanese for a specific purpose and audience.
Example:
The 'Compare & Contrast Article' is a key task within the Presentational Writing section of the exam.
Proofreading
The final step in the writing process, involving carefully reviewing the written work for grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, character count, and overall clarity.
Example:
Always dedicate a few minutes to Proofreading your article to catch any small errors that could cost you points.
Show, Don't Just Tell
A writing principle encouraging the use of specific details, examples, and sensory language to illustrate points rather than simply stating them.
Example:
Instead of saying 'Japanese food is delicious,' Show, Don't Just Tell by describing the savory broth of ramen or the delicate sweetness of mochi.
Similarities & Differences
The core analytical task of the Compare & Contrast Article, requiring students to explicitly identify and explain points of likeness and distinction between the two given topics.
Example:
Your essay should clearly highlight the Similarities & Differences between traditional Japanese housing and modern Japanese apartments.
Three Aspects
A specific requirement for the Compare & Contrast Article, mandating that students describe at least three distinct features or points for each topic being discussed.
Example:
When comparing Japanese and American festivals, ensure you cover at least Three Aspects like their purpose, typical activities, and common foods.
Time Management
The skill of allocating and utilizing time effectively during the exam, especially crucial for completing timed sections like the Presentational Writing FRQ.
Example:
Good Time Management means spending 5 minutes planning, 10 minutes writing, and 5 minutes proofreading for the writing task.
Transition Words
Words or phrases that connect ideas, sentences, and paragraphs, ensuring smooth flow and logical progression in writing.
Example:
Using Transition Words like 'however' or 'on the other hand' helps your essay flow naturally between contrasting points.
Variety of Sentence Structures and Vocabulary
A scoring criterion emphasizing the use of diverse grammatical patterns and a broad range of appropriate Japanese words to demonstrate linguistic proficiency.
Example:
Using complex conjunctions and advanced adjectives will help you demonstrate a strong Variety of Sentence Structures and Vocabulary.
しかし (shikashi)
A common Japanese transition word meaning 'however' or 'but,' used to introduce a contradiction or a strong contrast.
Example:
日本の電車はとても便利です。しかし、朝のラッシュアワーは非常に混雑します。
また (mata)
A versatile Japanese transition word meaning 'also,' 'again,' or 'in addition,' used to add more information or another point.
Example:
日本の夏は暑いです。また、湿度も高いです。
一方で (ippou de)
A Japanese transition word meaning 'on the other hand' or 'meanwhile,' used to introduce a contrasting or parallel point.
Example:
日本の学校は制服がありますが、一方でアメリカの学校は制服がないことが多いです。
例えば (tatoeba)
A Japanese transition word meaning 'for example,' used to introduce specific instances or illustrations that support a general statement.
Example:
日本の伝統的な遊びはたくさんあります。例えば、けん玉やお手玉などです。
田舎の暮らし (inaka no kurashi)
Japanese term for 'country life' or 'rural life,' frequently contrasted with urban life in writing prompts.
Example:
The tranquility and close-knit communities are often cited as benefits of 田舎の暮らし.
都会の暮らし (tokai no kurashi)
Japanese term for 'urban life' or 'city life,' often used as a topic for comparison in the Presentational Writing section.
Example:
Many students find the fast pace and convenience of 都会の暮らし appealing.